Breast Cancer Causes

Oral Contraceptives

Since oral contraceptives were first introduced in the 1960s, they have been used by many millions of women.…    

Postmenopausal Hormone Use

By the mid-1970s, almost 30 million prescriptions for postmenopausal hormones were being filled annually in the United States.…    

Endogenous Sex Hormone Levels

Several lines of evidence have long suggested that sex hormones play a central role in the etiology of…    

Reproductive Factors

This section addresses reproductive factors during the course of a woman’s life in relation to risk of breast…    

Descriptive Epidemiology of Breast Cancer

High-Risk and Low-Risk Populations
The incidence of female breast cancer varies markedly between countries. It…