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Personality Disorders

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Personality disorders are coded on Axis II in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV). Ten types of personality disorders are grouped into clusters based on similar overall characteristics. There are three recognized personality disorder clusters: odd and eccentric, dramatic and emotional, and anxious and fearful (Table 4-1).

DSM-IV general diagnostic criteria for personality disorders are outlined in Table 4-2. Criteria for individual personality disorders are discussed below. Personality disorders frequently overlap in symptoms.

Cluster A (ODD and Eccentric)


CLUSTER B (Dramatic and Emotional)
CLUSTER C {Anxious and Fearful)
 
Personality Disorders



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Antisocial Personality Disorder

Individuals with ASP repetitively disregard the rules and laws of society and rarely experience remorse for their actions.

Antisocial personality disorder is present in 3% of men and 1 % of women. About half have been arrested; about half of those in prison have ASP.

ASP is more common among first-degree relatives of those diagnosed with ASP. In families of an individual with ASP, men show higher rates of ASP and substance abuse, whereas women have higher rates of somatization disorder. A harsh, violent, and criminal environment also predisposes people to this disorder.    

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

These individuals are perfectionists who require a great deal of order and control.

The estimated prevalence is 1 % in the general population. Men are diagnosed with obsessive- compulsive personality disorder twice as frequently as women.

The etiology is unknown, but there may be an association with mood and anxiety disorders.

Individuals with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are perfectionists.    

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