Vulvar cancer accounts for about 4% of cancers in the female reproductive organs and 0.6% of all cancers in women. The American Cancer Society estimates that in 2005, about 3,870 cancers of the…

Neoplasms of trophoblastic origin can follow a spontaneous abortion, an ectopic pregnancy, or a full-term pregnancy. A hydatidiform mole is a pregnancy in which the villi have become hydropic and trophoblastic elements have proliferated.…

Primary fallopian tube cancer is rare. The average age of patients with this cancer is 50 to 60 yr. Risk factors are not well defined; however, chronic salpingitis or other inflammatory disease (such as…

Vaginal cancer accounts for 1% of gynecologic malignancies in the USA. Average age at diagnosis is 60 to 65 yr. Patients with a history of human papillomavirus infection or of cervical or vulvar cancer are…

Vulvar cancer accounts for about 3 to 4% of all gynecologic malignancies in the USA. An estimated 3,300 new cases were diagnosed in 1996. The average age at diagnosis is about 70 yr, and incidence…

Cervical cancer is the third most common gynecologic malignancy and the eighth most common malignancy among women in the USA. The mean age for developing cervical cancer is about 50 yr; however, it can affect…

Ovarian cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed gynecologic malignancy, the deadliest gynecologic malignancy, and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women in the USA. About 1 in 70 women eventually develops ovarian…

In the USA, endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy and the fourth most common malignancy in women after breast, colorectal, and lung cancer. About 34,000 new cases of endometrial cancer were diagnosed in…

The fallopian tube is the least common site of cancer in the female genital tract, although its epithelial surface far exceeds that of the ovary, where epithelial cancer is 20 times more…

Carcinoma of the cervix was once the most common cause of cancer death in women, but over the past 30 years, the mortality rate has decreased by 50% due to widespread screening with the Pap…

Incidence and Epidemiology 
Epithelial ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecologic cancer in the United States. In 2004, 25,580 new cases were diagnosed and 16,090 women died from ovarian cancer.…

Fewer than 5% of all ovarian tumors are germ cell in origin. They include teratoma, dysgerminoma, endodermal sinus tumor, and embryonal carcinoma. Germ cell tumors of the ovary generally occur in younger women…

Carcinoma of the endometrium is the most common female pelvic malignancy. Approximately 40,300 new cases are diagnosed yearly, although in most (75%), tumor is confined to the uterine corpus at diagnosis and therefore most can…

Gestational trophoblastic diseases are a group of interrelated diseases that form a spectrum from benign hydatidiform mole to trophoblastic malignancy (placental-site trophoblastic tumor and choriocarcinoma). Malignant forms account for <1% of female gynecologic malignancies…