Early Pregnancy Risks
Exposure to Fetotoxic Agents
Many variations occur in the complex process of human development. Although population heterogeneity is based on such events,…
Ectopic Pregnancy Pathology
In tubal ectopic pregnancy, implantation is typically in the wall of the tube, in the connective tissue beneath…
Ectopic Pregnancy Treatment
A. Expectant Management
Because many ectopic pregnancies resolve spontaneously, it may be reasonable to manage an…
Ectopic Pregnancy Special Examinations
Several special procedures are helpful in diagnosing ectopic pregnancy.
1. Ultrasound - Ultrasound is useful in…
Ectopic Pregnancy Clinical Findings
No specific symptoms or signs are pathognomonic for ectopic pregnancy, and many disorders can present similarly. Normal pregnancy,…
Ectopic Pregnancy - Time of Rupture
Rupture is usually spontaneous. Isthmic pregnancies tend to rupture earliest, at 6 to 8 weeks’ gestation, due to…
Ectopic Pregnancy Etiology
The etiology of ectopic pregnancy is not well understood. However, several risk factors have been found to be…
Ectopic Pregnancy
In ectopic pregnancy, a fertilized ovum implants in an area other than the endometrial lining of the uterus…
Recurrent Abortion
Recurrent abortion is defined as 3 or more consecutive pregnancy losses before 20…
Septic Abortion
Septic abortion is manifested by fever, malodorous vaginal discharge, pelvic and abdominal pain,…
Spontaneous Abortion Etiology
In approximately 50% of spontaneous abortions occurring during the first trimester, there is an abnormal karyotype. This incidence…
Spontaneous Abortion
Essentials of Diagnosis
- Suprapubic pain, uterine cramping, and/or back pain.
- Vaginal bleeding.
- …
Spontaneous Abortion Pathology
In spontaneous abortion, hemorrhage into the decidua basalis often occurs. Necrosis and inflammation appear in the area of…
Spontaneous Abortion Laboratory Findings
A. Complete Blood Count
If significant bleeding has occurred, the patient will be anemic. Both the…
Spontaneous Abortion Complications
Severe or persistent hemorrhage during or following abortion may be life threatening. The more advanced the gestation, the…
Spontaneous Abortion Treatment
Successful management of spontaneous abortion depends upon early diagnosis. Every patient should receive a general physical examination, and…
