Definition: Bleeding intervals longer than 35 days. Oligomenorrhea may be transient during the transition to a normal cycle. Evaluation of the physical status, sexual development, and the bleeding pattern is sufficient in this setting.

But oligomenorrhea…

Menstrual irregularities are common in puberty and adolescence during the development of ovarian function and until a regular ovulatory cycle. Most irregularities are transient and self-limited but some are severe and prolonged and…

Definition: Bleeding intervals shorter than 21 days. This anomaly is quite frequent in puberty and adolescence and is caused by hormonal imbalance within an unstable cycle. There may be an estrogen deficit in an anovulatory cycle…

Metrorrhagia, characterized by bleeding episodes without a recognizable cycle, is a frequent form of irregular bleeding in adolescence. Bleeding occurs at different intervals with different durations and differs in amount from spotting to severe. The reason…

Definition: Severe until excessive bleeding within a quite regular cycle, blood loss >80 ml. Severe bleeding is clinically important, particularly if it is combined with menorrhagia. Blood loss and resulting symptoms can be considerable. The reason…

A diagnostic work-up should be initiated if there are symptoms of pathology, i.e., if the menstrual disturbance is beyond the normal spectrum of physiological variability. Most mild and moderate disturbances during adolescence are…

Menorrhagia
Menorrhagia is defined as prolonged bleeding (longer than 7 days) within a more or less normal interval. The flow may be severe. It is caused…

During the transition from menarche to a normal ovulatory cycle, a number of influences and noxae may cause abnormalities. The hypothalamicpituitary- ovarian axis is complex, unstable and vulnerable. This lability, particularly in puberty…

Abnormalities of the type of bleeding may be a serious problem for adolescent girls. Menorrhagia or metrorrhagia are disturbing in daily life and may contribute to psychological insecurity. Hypermenorrhea and menorrhagia are…

Sexual development in puberty begins with activation of the gonadotropinreleasing hormone (GnRH) pulse generator and the hypothalamic-pituitary system. GnRH secretion in the hypothalamic centers promotes the secretion of gonadotropins (FSH and LH)…

Evidence-Based Clinical Practice
The establishment of a regular menstrual cycle is an important process for an adolescent girl. Psychologically it is a sign of becoming an adult and a factor for female identity. Physiologically…