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Diseases of the Rectum and Anus

Obstructed Defecation
• Diseases of the Rectum and Anus • Jan 28 08

ESSENTIALS OF DIAGNOSIS

• Inability to voluntarily evacuate rectal contents.

• Normal colonic transit time.

General Considerations

Obstructed defecation may result from anal stenosis,… Obstructed Defecation   

 
 

Dysfunction of the Anorectum - Incontinence
• Diseases of the Rectum and Anus • Jan 28 08

ESSENTIALS OF DIAGNOSIS • Inability to control elimination of rectal contents. • Characterization of rectal contents that are uncontrolled. • Characterization of timing of… Dysfunction of the Anorectum - Incontinence   
 
 

Normal Function of the Anorectum
• Diseases of the Rectum and Anus • Jan 28 08

The normal function of the anorectum is storage and appropriate release of intestinal waste products. The rectum functions mainly as a capacitance storage vessel.… Normal Function of the Anorectum   

 
 

Anorectal Diseases - General Anatomic Considerations
• Diseases of the Rectum and Anus • Jan 28 08

Embryologic considerations are important when considering the epithelium, innervation, vascular supply, and venous and lymphatic drainage of the anorectum. The rectum, endodermal in origin,… Anorectal Diseases - General Anatomic Considerations   

 
 

Congenital Anomalies of the Anorectum
• Diseases of the Rectum and Anus • Jan 26 08

The spectrum of anorectal malformations ranges from simple anal stenosis to the persistence of a cloaca; incidence ranges from one in 4000 to one… Congenital Anomalies of the Anorectum   

 
 

Infections of the perianal area
• Diseases of the Rectum and Anus • Jan 26 08

Many of the infections affecting the perianal area are covered elsewhere in this text. Perianal streptococcal infection is common during infancy and childhood. Major… Infections of the perianal area   

 
 

Anorectal Disorders in sexual Abuse
• Diseases of the Rectum and Anus • Jan 26 08

Anal assault constitutes a significant proportion of all injuries resulting from childhood sexual abuse. In a recent review of 310 childhood victims of sexual… Anorectal Disorders in sexual Abuse   

 
 

PRURITUS ANI
• Diseases of the Rectum and Anus • Jan 24 08

Itching of the perianal skin, or pruritus ani, is more common in males and has an extensive etiology (Table… PRURITUS ANI   

 
 

Radiation Proctitis
• Diseases of the Rectum and Anus • Jan 24 08

Radiation-induced proctosigmoiditis occurs most commonly with radiation therapy for cancers of the testes, prostate, urinary bladder, cervix, and uterus (23,24).  The incidence of radiation… Radiation Proctitis   

 
 

Fecal incontinence
• Diseases of the Rectum and Anus • Jan 24 08

Fecal incontinence is a distressing and stigmatizing condition affecting at least 2% of the adult population and 7% of healthy, independent adults aged >65… Fecal incontinence   

 
 

Rectal Prolapse and Solitary Rectal Ulcer Syndrome
• Diseases of the Rectum and Anus • Jan 24 08

Rectal prolapse involves the protrusion of the rectum through the anal orifice with procidentia or complete prolapse, which is the common scenario, where all… Rectal Prolapse and Solitary Rectal Ulcer Syndrome   

 
 

Anorectal fistulas
• Diseases of the Rectum and Anus • Jan 24 08

Anorectal fistulas are generally uncommon, with some studies reporting an incidence of 8.6 per 100,000 (16).  The leading causes are nonspecific in 90% of… Anorectal fistulas   

 
 

Anal fissures
• Diseases of the Rectum and Anus • Jan 24 08

An anal fissure is a laceration in the lining of the anal canal distal to the dentate line, which most commonly occurs in the… Anal fissures   

 
 

Hemorrhoids
• Diseases of the Rectum and Anus • Jan 24 08

Hemorrhoids are masses of normal vascular tissue in the anal canal and are often the source of a variety of symptoms including bleeding, anal… Hemorrhoids   

 
 

Clinical Examination of the Anorectum
• Diseases of the Rectum and Anus • Jan 24 08

An accurate examination of the anorectum is required in the setting of symptoms referred to that region and should be part of a patient’s… Clinical Examination of the Anorectum   

 
 
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