Hypervitaminosis D

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Alternative names
Vitamin D toxicity

Definition
Hypervitaminosis D symptoms appear several months after excessive doses of vitamin D are administered.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors
An excess of vitamin D causes abnormally high blood concentrations of calcium which can eventually cause severe damage to the bones, soft tissues, and kidneys. It is almost always associated with forms of vitamin D that require a doctor’s prescription.

Symptoms

• Dehydration
  
• Vomiting
  
• Decreased appetite (anorexia)
  
• Irritability
  
• Constipation
  
• Fatigue

Signs and tests

• Polydipsia (excessive thirst)
  
• Polyuria (passing large amounts of urine)
  
• Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)
  
• Hypercalcemia (excess calcium in the blood)
  
• Hypercalciuria (excess calcium in the urine)

Tests to confirm the diagnosis:

• Calcium - serum
  
• Phosphorus - serum
  
• 25 hydroxyVitamin D levels
  
• 1,25 dihydroxyVitamin D levels
  
• X-ray of the bone (focusing on the long bones)

Treatment
Stop vitamin D intake. Consult your physician. In severe cases, other therapy may be necessary.

Expectations (prognosis)
Recovery is expected.

Complications

• Kidney damage
  
• Kidney stones

Calling your health care provider
Call your health care provider if you or your child shows symptoms of hypervitaminosis D and you have been taking vitamin D in excess of the recommended daily allowance or have been taking a prescription form of vitamin D.

Prevention
To prevent this condition, pay careful attention to appropriate vitamin D intake.

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