Introduction

Essentials of Diagnosis

• Intrauterine pregnancy at less than 20 weeks.
• Low or falling levels of hCG.
• Bleeding, midline cramping pain.
• Open cervical os.
• Complete or partial expulsion…

Introduction

Essentials of Diagnosis

• Morning or evening nausea and vomiting.
• Persistent vomiting severe enough to result in
• weight loss, dehydration,…

During an otherwise normal low-risk pregnancy, travel can be planned most safely between the 18th and 32nd weeks. Commercial flying in pressurized cabins does not pose a threat to the fetus. An…

Introduction

The first prenatal visit should occur as early as possible after the diagnosis of pregnancy and should include the following: history, physical examination, laboratory tests, advice to patients, and tests and…

Nutrition in pregnancy significantly affects maternal health and infant size and well-being. Pregnant women should have nutrition counseling early in prenatal care and access to supplementary food programs if necessary. Counseling should stress abstention…

Introduction

It is advantageous to diagnose pregnancy as promptly as possible when a sexually active woman misses a menstrual period or has symptoms suggestive of pregnancy. In the event of a…