Asperger syndrome

Alternative names
Pervasive developmental disorder

Definition
In Asperger syndrome, a young child experiences impaired social interactions and develops limited repetitive patterns of behavior. Motor milestones may be delayed and clumsiness is often observed.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Hans Asperger labeled this disorder “Autistic Psychopathy” in 1944, and the cause is still unknown. There is a possible relation to autistic disorder (Autism). Some researchers believe that Asperger sydrome is simply a mild form of Autism.

The child with Asperger shows below-average nonverbal communication gestures, fails to develop peer relationships, has an inability to express pleasure in other people’s happiness, and lacks the ability to reciprocate emotionally in normal social interactions. The condition appears to be more common in boys than in girls. There are likely genetic factors, but some theories suggest a prenatal infection may be to blame.

While people with Asperger syndrome are frequently socially inept, many have above-average intelligence, and they may excel in fields like computer programming and science. There is no delay in cognitive development, in the development of age-appropriate self-help skills, or in curiosity about the environment. Generally, there is no language development delay.

Symptoms

• Abnormal nonverbal communication, such as problems with eye contact, facial expressions, body postures, or gestures
  
• Failure to develop peer relationships
  
• Being singled out by other children as “weird” or “strange”
  
• Lack of spontaneous seeking to share enjoyment, interests or achievements with others (a lack of showing, bringing, or pointing out objects of interest to other people)
  
• Markedly impaired expression of pleasure in other people’s happiness
  
• Inability to return social or emotional feelings
  
• Inflexibilty about specific routines or rituals
  
• Repetitive finger flapping, twisting, or whole body movements
  
• Unusually intense preoccupation with narrow areas of interest, such as obsession with train schedules, phone books, or collections of objects
  
• Preoccupation with parts of whole objects
  
• Repetitive behaviors, including repetitive self-injurious behavior

Treatment

Treatment depends on the patient’s level of adaptive functioning. A high IQ will bring a better prognosis than a below-average one. For patients with severe impairment, treatment is similar to the treatment for autistic disorder.

Expectations (prognosis)

As with most developmental disorders, the long-term outcome and prognosis will vary according to the nature of the underlying problem and the interventions used to support continued development.

Calling your health care provider
Call for an appointment with your provider if your child is non-responsive to people, has odd or peculiar speech, or exhibits behavior that may lead to self-harm.

Medical Encyclopedia
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | 0-9

What health info have you recently searched for online? Disease or condition Exercise or fitness Diet, nutrition or vitamins None of the above

Obese teen had to be cut from home in U.K.
    - Full Story - - »»»

State tobacco prevention funding lacking
    - Full Story - - »»»

C-Section Babies Face High Obesity Risk
    - Full Story - - »»»

Scientists turn skin cells into beating heart muscle
    - Full Story - - »»»

Too many people get angioplasties, study suggests
    - Full Story - - »»»

Comparing Birth Control Pill Types
    - Full Story - - »»»

Viewers’ family background affects how they react to MTV shows ‘16 and Pregnant,’ ‘Teen Mom’
    - Full Story - - »»»