Symptoms of CTS tend to appear gradually. They include:

 
• Numbness, tingling, or burning sensations in the thumb and fingers, particularly the index and middle fingers, which are affected by the median nerve  
• Pain in the hands or wrists  
• Loss of dexterity or gripping strength  
• Difficulty performing routine tasks with the hands such as holding a cup, vacuuming, washing up, or even driving; some people have difficulty holding a newspaper or a telephone  
• Pain in the arm and shoulder  
• Swelling of the hand, which often increases at night

 

A telltale sign of CTS is when symptoms are severe enough to awaken the sufferer from sleep, with tingling or pain in the hand. Symptoms may worsen at night because of the way the hand is positioned during sleep. Some may find relief by vigorously shaking their hand while held high or low, by rubbing their hands together, or even by soaking the hand in warm water.

How Is The Diagnosis Made?

A doctor will take a careful medical history, asking about:

 
• The symptoms and what brings them on  
• How long you’ve had them  
• What makes them worse or better  
• Your general medical background

The doctor will examine your hands, wrists, elbows, shoulders, and neck to check for nerve compression or other problems, and may perform a more detailed examination to look for medical conditions.

Examination will include:

 
• Tapping your wrist over the median nerve to see if this reproduces your symptoms (the Tinel test)  
• Gently holding your wrist bent forward for 30 to 60 seconds to see if this reproduces your symptoms (the Phalen test)  
• Gently using pinpricks and light stroking motions with a pin to see if any part of the hand has lost sensitivity (a sign of nerve damage)

Specialized Tests

Sometimes, it is not clear whether the symptoms are due a problem with median nerve at the wrist or higher up in the arm. They could be caused by a problem with other nerves to the hand, particularly the ulnar nerve, or even from affected nerves in the neck, causing the pain and tingling to radiate into the hand.

Specialized tests will resolve this dilemma:

 
• Nerve conduction tests. This test determines if the transmission along the nerve has slowed down due to damage to the nerve. A doctor or certified technician will place electrodes on the hand and wrist. Small electric shocks are applied to the nerves in the fingers, wrist, and forearm to determine if the nerve messages are being conducted properly.  
• Electromyography. In more serious cases, the muscles supplied by the nerve will show abnormal electrical activity. A doctor or certified technician will insert a very fine, sterile wire briefly into a muscle in the affected area, and the electrical activity will be displayed on a monitor.  
• X-rays of the wrist and neck. These may be taken to rule out arthritis or previous fractures. (X-rays alone cannot reveal the presence of CTS.)  
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This test can determine if structural abnormalities at the wrist are contributing to CTS.