Anthrax in Children Difficult to Detect and Treat

	Tweet

Difficulties in diagnosing anthrax may lead to dangerous delays in caring for children infected with this often-deadly disease, according to a new report from HHS’ Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Treating pediatric anthrax is also a special challenge because most currently recommended therapies have not been widely used to treat children with the disease. The anthrax report was requested and funded by HHS’ Health Resources and Services Administration.

Since anthrax exposure occurs rarely in the United States and most of the recent cases have been naturally occurring, clinicians may not have first-hand knowledge about the disease and might have difficulty diagnosing it. In addition, symptoms of pediatric anthrax can be easily confused with those of more common illnesses; for example, inhalational anthrax has symptoms similar to influenza. Also, there is little evidence about the effectiveness in children of interventions currently recommended for adults.

"This report provides important information for dealing with exposure of children to anthrax,” said AHRQ Director Carolyn M. Clancy, MD. “It analyzes what is currently known about how this terrible disease affects children and identifies research needed to make us more effective in protecting our children from anthrax.”

The researchers found very little published evidence about the efficacy of treating children who have anthrax with newer antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin. They also found no reports of using anthrax vaccine for children. The report calls for more current research on the effectiveness in children of non-antibiotic therapies that have been used with considerable success in the past, such as anthrax antiserum and drainage of fluid from the lung cavity.

Anthrax typically is contracted by direct contact with a bacterium found in infected farm animals and usually is not transmissible from one person to another. The three principal types of anthrax are cutaneous (contracted through cuts in the skin), gastrointestinal (ingested from infected meat), and inhalational (breathed in through the lungs). The most widely reported recent cases of anthrax in the United States followed the introduction of bacterial spores into the U.S. mail system in 2001, which resulted in five deaths among 22 cases.

For the new AHRQ report, investigators analyzed 62 pediatric cases obtained through an extensive review of the scientific literature. Because case reports of pediatric anthrax are relatively rare, investigators examined cases from as early as 1900 in an effort to maximize the available evidence. More than 50 percent involved children between the ages of 14 and 18; data on younger children, especially those under age 2, were more limited. There were only two cases of inhalational anthrax, the most deadly form of the disease.

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)

RELATED STORIES:
Childhood Vaccination Rates Remain High in U.S.   Mad cow disease found in French goat, EU says   Emerging E. coli Strain Causes Many Antimicrobial-Resistant Infections in U.S.   Exposure to Several Common Infections Over Time May Be Associated With Risk of Stroke   Gladstone scientists link hepatitis C virus infection to fat enzyme in liver cells   HPV prevalent in sexually active teenage girls   Japan found bird flu in flies from 2004 outbreak   Simple policies could control a smallpox epidemic   New vaccine technology protects mice from hepatitis C virus   U.S. asks Chiron to develop bird flu vaccine   Drug-resistance fears for deadly fungal disease   Only 0.2% of asylum seekers have TB, Kent tests show

Comments

[ + Post Your Own ]

Now you're in the public comment zone. What follows is not Armenian Medical Network's stuff; it comes from other people and we don't vouch for it. A reminder: By using this Web site you agree to accept our Terms of Service. Click here to read the Rules of Engagement.

There are no comments for this entry yet. [ + Comment here + ]