Substance-Related Disorders
Opioid Abuse and Dependence
Definition and Epidemiology
The Fourth Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV) of the American Psychiatric Association defines…
Opioid Drug Abuse and Dependence: Introduction
It is difficult to imagine modern medical practice without the use of opioid analgesics. These drugs have been…
Acute and Chronic Effects of Opioids
With the exception of overdose and physical dependence, most opioid effects are rapidly reversible. A major danger, however,…
Cannabis and Miscellaneos Substance use disorders
Cannabis
Cannabis is widely used throughout the world in the forms of marijuana and hashish. The…
Central Nervous System (CNS) Stimulant Use Disorders
Cocaine and amphetamines are readily available in the United States. The patterns of use and abuse of and…
Sedative, Hypnotic, and anxiolytic substance use disorders
Sedative, hypnotic, and anxiolytic drugs are widely used. They are all cross-tolerant with each other and with alcohol.…
Opioid use Disorders
Opiates include morphine, heroin, codeine, meperidine, and hydromorphone. Heroin is only available illegally in the United States. Opiates…
Alcohol-related disorders
Alcohol Intoxication
Alcohol intoxication is defined by the presence of slurred speech, incoordination, unsteady gait, nystagmus,…
Substance Abuse
The DSM-IV defines substance abuse as a maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to clinically significant impairment or…
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