Spermicidal Preparations

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Spermicidal vaginal jellies, creams, gels, suppositories, and foams, in addition to their toxic effect on sperm, also act as a mechanical barrier to entry of sperm into the cervical canal. The majority of spermicides marketed in the U.S. contain nonoxynol 9, which is a long-chain surfactant that is toxic to spermatozoa. Spermicides may be used alone or in conjunction with a diaphragm or condom. Some of the foam tablets and suppositories require a few minutes for adequate dispersion throughout the vagina, and failures may result if dispersion is not allowed to occur. In general, when used alone, spermicides have a failure rate of about 15% per year. Rarely, these chemical agents may irritate the vaginal mucosa and external genitalia. Recent evidence indicates that spermicides containing nonoxynol-9 (N-9) are not effective in preventing cervical gonorrhea, chlamydia or HIV infection. In addition, frequent use of spermicides containing N-9 has been associated with genital lesions which may be associated with an increased risk of HIV transmission.

RELATED STORIES:
Contraception   Vaginal Diaphragm   Oral Hormonal Contraceptives   Male Condom   The Minipill or Progesting-Only Pill   Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices   Methods of contraception   Follow-up of Patients After Induced Abortion   Contraindications to the Use of IUDS   Female Condom   Natural Family Planning Method   Hormonal Contraception by Injection, Implantation or Transdermal Routes   Methods of Induced Abortion   Induced Abortion   Cervical Cap

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