Male Sexual Dysfunction

Erectile Dysfunction Surgical Therapies

Current surgical treatments for erectile dysfunction consist of correction of venous leak, arterial revascularization for inflow insufficiency and implantation of penile prostheses. Only the last of these, however, may truly be described as resulting in a reliably satisfactory…    

Erectile Dysfunction - Conclusions

Erectile dysfunction is a highly prevalent disorder which is frequently associated with loss of selfesteem and a reduced quality of life. The condition affects not only the individual, but also their partner. As it is strongly age-related, the…    

Diagnosis of ED: Second Level

Second level diagnostic evaluation uses specialistic instrumental exams that can be helpful for accurate aetiological diagnosis of ED.

Penile dynamic colour-duplex Doppler ultrasonography allows direct visualization of penile vessels and evaluation of possible strictures and dysfunctions.…    

Erectile dysfunction: Investigating a patient

Erectile dysfunction (ED) has been defined as the persistent inability to achieve and/or to maintain an erection for a satisfactory sexual intercourse. This event can occur occasionally without inducing psychological or managerial problems, but frequent ED can lead…    

Diagnosis of ED: First Level

Current guidelines for management of ED, sometimes differing in details, agree on the great importance of the anamnesis as basis of a correct diagnosis of ED. History taking has been shown more precise if partners are involved in…    

Neurogenic Causes of erectile dysfunction

The dependence of normal erectile and ejaculatory function on intact neural pathways to and from the brain has already been mentioned. Not surprisingly a considerable number of neurological disorders may result in erectile dysfunction (Table 3).…    

Pathophysiology of erectile dysfunction

Given the complexity of the system, it is not surprising that a wide variety of diverse disorders may result in erectile dysfunction (Table 1). Often, the cause is multifactorial, but vasculogenic causes are the most commonly…    

Epidemiology of erectile dysfunction

Ever since the ground-breaking work of Kinsey, the prevalence of erectile dysfunction has been a subject of debate. Although it is certain that many millions of men are affected by the condition, there is a surprising dearth of…    

Psychogenic Causes of Erectile Dysfunction

Psychological causes were once widely assumed to be the predominant cause of erectile dysfunction. However, if the correct definition of erectile dysfunction is applied, namely, the persistent loss of penile rigidity in all circumstances, then psychogenic erectile dysfunction…    

Priapism and Postpriapism Erectile Dysfunction

Priapism may be defined as an involuntary erection that lasts for more than 4–6 h. The condition may be spontaneous or secondary to intracavernous pharmacotherapy. Spontaneous priapism may be idiopathic or associated with blood disorders such as sickle…    

Endocrinological Causes of Erectile Dysfunction

Testosterone secreted from the Leydig cells of the testes under the influence of luteinizing hormone (LH) is necessary for normal male sexuality and sexual function (Table 4). Medications such as luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists or…    

Risk factors for erectile dysfunction

Risk factors for organic erectile dysfunction (see Table 1, page 20) mainly stem from the fact that the erectile mechanism is a vasodilatory response dependent on smooth muscle function under neurogenic control. Aging, which has the…    

Physical Examination - Diagnosis of erectile dysfunction

Erectile dysfunction (ED) has been defined as the persistent inability to achieve and/or to maintain an erection for a satisfactory sexual intercourse. This event can occur occasionally without inducing psychological or managerial problems, but frequent ED can lead…    

Diagnosis of erectile dysfunction

The proper goal-oriented evaluation of a man proactive and complaining of erectile dysfunction requires a sympathetically elicited history, a focused physical examination and various carefully selected special investigations.

HISTORY
To obtain a clear…    

Special Investigations - Diagnosis of erectile dysfunction

Blood and urine testing
A key condition to exclude is undiagnosed diabetes mellitus. This is best accomplished by random measurement of blood sugar, as dipstick testing of urine to detect glycosuria does not reliably exclude the…