Patients Involved in Litigation or Workers’ Compensation Systems

Acute and chronic pain frequently develop following some form of injury that becomes a focus for compensation or litigation. A concern shared…

Freud regarded pain as a common conversion symptom, although he thought that the pains encountered in hysteria were originally somatic in origin. Although the specific pains were not created by the symbolization…

Prevalence rates of depression among patients in pain clinics have varied widely depending on the method of assessment and the population assessed. Rates as low as 10% and as high as 100% have been…

Because chronic pain often has multiple causes or contributing factors, it often does not respond to either purely somatic or purely psychological modes of treatment. Persistent pain can set a vicious cycle of…

Central to the modern conceptualization of persistent clinical pain is the distinction between acute and chronic pain. Acute pain is caused by incomplete healing of tissue. It is primarily nociceptive. The first priority…

When a patient presents with pain, it is important that physicians and other health care professionals accept the reality of the pain for the patient. Chemically dependent individuals may feign pain…