You are here : health.am > HIV/AIDS Health Center > HIV and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrom HIV and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrom Complications of HIV Infection • HIV and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrom • • Management and Counseling for persons with HIV infection • Feb 14 06 As HIV infection progresses, it creates increasing immunosuppression, resulting in a predisposition to complicating opportunistic infections and neoplasms. The pattern of these complications can be predicted by following a patient’s absolute CD4+ lymphocyte… Strategic Decisions • HIV and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrom • • Management and Counseling for persons with HIV infection • Feb 14 06 With improving longevity for HIV-infected persons receiving antiretroviral treatment, but also acknowledging the finite durability of each regimen and a limited number of regimens, the optimal strategy for the use of antiretroviral therapy is crucial… Clinical Evaluation of the Patient • HIV and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrom • • Management and Counseling for persons with HIV infection • Feb 14 06 The clinical approach to the HIV-infected patient should be guided by several important principles. First, it is important to establish the degree of immunosuppression in every patient through the history and physical… Management and Counseling for persons with HIV infection • HIV and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrom • • Management and Counseling for persons with HIV infection • Feb 14 06 John A. Bartlett Treatment advances in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease have dramatically changed the management of chronically infected persons. Advances in three areas have… Immune Reconstitution and other Approaches • HIV and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrom • • Treatment of HIV infection and AIDS • Feb 14 06 We are just beginning to learn about the immune reconstitution attained when HIV-infected patients attain substantial viral suppression with highly active antiretroviral therapy. For the first few months of therapy, patients have… Treatment of the Pregnant HIV-Infected Patient • HIV and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrom • • Treatment of HIV infection and AIDS • Feb 14 06 Although a complete discussion of the therapy for the pregnant HIV-infected patient is beyond the scope of this section, it is worth highlighting several important issues. First, it is generally accepted… General Recommendations for the treatment of HIV infection • HIV and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrom • • Treatment of HIV infection and AIDS • Feb 14 06 The substantial recent developments in AIDS therapy and in our ability to monitor viral dynamics have led to a major shift in the thinking about HIV therapy. Several panels… Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors • HIV and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrom • • Treatment of HIV infection and AIDS • Feb 14 06 Starting in the early 1990s, a number of structurally unrelated non-nucleoside compounds were discovered to be potent non-competitive inhibitors of HIV reverse transcriptase. These compounds share the property of having highly specific activity… Protease Inhibitors • HIV and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrom • • Treatment of HIV infection and AIDS • Feb 14 06 The second enzyme of HIV to be successfully targeted was the viral aspartyl protease. HIV produces the structural proteins of the viral core, as well as the integral viral enzymes, as Gag and Gag-Pol polyproteins… Drugs used in the treatment of HIV infection • HIV and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrom • • Treatment of HIV infection and AIDS • Feb 14 06 Before going on to discuss specific recommendations for therapy, it is of value to review the drugs that are presently available for the treatment of HIV. As noted earlier,… Principles and Goals for the treatment of HIV infection • HIV and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrom • • Treatment of HIV infection and AIDS • Feb 14 06 For some time after the discovery of HIV, the technology for measuring virus was relatively insensitive and it appeared that the degree of T-cell destruction was much greater… Treatment of HIV Infection and AIDS • HIV and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrom • • Treatment of HIV infection and AIDS • Feb 14 06 Robert Yarchoan Samuel Broder Since the identification of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) as a new entity in 1981, dramatic changes have occurred in therapy for this… Cutaneous Signs of AIDS • HIV and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrom • • Cutaneous Signs of AIDS • Feb 13 06 Cutaneous signs and symptoms associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) increase in frequency and severity as the disease advances. However, infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may produce a transient macular roseola-like eruption.… Ophthalmologic Manifestations of AIDS • HIV and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrom • • Ophthalmologic Manifestations of AIDS • Feb 13 06 Infectious or noninfectious ocular disorders, some of which may lead to severe visual impairment, have been reported in 40 to 90% of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) referred for formal ophthalmoscopy. In… Gastrointestinal Manifestations of AIDS • HIV and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrom • • Gastrointestinal Manifestations of AIDS • Feb 13 06 The gastrointestinal tract is an especially common site for clinical expression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and is an important factor in morbidity from opportunistic infections in late-stage disease, as well as… Preventing Lung Diseases in Persons with HIV Infection • HIV and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrom • • Pulmonary Manifestations of HIV Infection • Feb 13 06 Much of the improved survival for patients with HIV infection in recent years owes to the prevention of PCP. Hence, the use of antipneumocystis agents such as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, dapsone,… Disorders Associated with Severe Immune Suppression • HIV and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrom • • Pulmonary Manifestations of HIV Infection • Feb 13 06 Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia PCP is the most common lung disease in persons with advanced HIV infection. The presentation tends to be indolent, characterized by slowly progressive shortness of breath… An Integrated Approach to Diagnosis • HIV and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrom • • Pulmonary Manifestations of HIV Infection • Feb 13 06 Although the differential diagnosis of lung disease in a person with HIV infection is quite broad, the probabilities of the various diagnoses can be reduced in a given patient by knowing the… Clinical features of HIV-Associated Disorders of the Respiratory Tract • HIV and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrom • • Pulmonary Manifestations of HIV Infection • Feb 13 06 Disorders Not Necessarily Associated with Severe Immune Suppression Bronchitis Acute bronchitis in the PCHIS was defined by the presence of cough with sputum production for at… Relationship of respiratory tract diseases to CD4+ Lymphocyte count, Demographic Characteristics • HIV and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrom • • Pulmonary Manifestations of HIV Infection • Feb 13 06 Relationship of respiratory tract diseases to CD4+ Lymphocyte count, Demographic Characteristics, and Transmission Category PCP is the most common lung disease in persons with CD4+ counts… Correlation of Respiratory Tract Disorders with stage of HIV disease • HIV and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrom • • Pulmonary Manifestations of HIV Infection • Feb 13 06 The conceptual relationship between the frequency and spectrum of lung diseases and CD4+ lymphocyte count is shown in Figure 412-1. The data that support this concept have… Effects of HIV on Respiratory Tract Defenses • HIV and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrom • • Pulmonary Manifestations of HIV Infection • Feb 13 06 The hallmark of the effect of HIV infection on host immune response is a progressive reduction in the number of circulating CD4+ lymphocytes or “T-helper” cells. The CD4+ lymphocyte plays… Pulmonary Manifestations of HIV infection • HIV and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrom • • Pulmonary Manifestations of HIV Infection • Feb 13 06 Philip C. Hopewell Lung disease, specifically Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), was the first recognized mode of expression of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Since the original clusters of… Predominantly Nonfocal Brain Disorders • HIV and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrom • • Neurologic Complications of HIV-1 Infection • Feb 03 06 The disorders presenting with more general or diffuse brain dysfunction and without focal features can be further divided into those in which consciousness remains fully preserved and those accompanied by a concomitant decrease… Myopathies • HIV and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrom • • Neurologic Complications of HIV-1 Infection • Feb 03 06 Several types of myopathy may complicate HIV-1 infection. Both inflammatory and noninflammatory myopathies have been described, ranging in severity from asymptomatic creatine kinase elevation to severe proximal weakness. Patients with inflammatory, polymyositis-like illnesses have improved with… Page 2 of 5 pages < 1 2 3 4 > Last » << Back to main
