Bleeding from the nose
Key points
- The nose contains many tiny blood vessels that bleed easily.
- Sit down and gently squeeze the soft portion of the nose between your thumb and finger (so that the nostrils are closed) for about 5-10 minutes.
- Call your doctor if you or your child has repeated nosebleeds, particularly if they are becoming more frequent and are not associated with a cold or other minor irritation.
- In some situations, you may be monitored for signs and symptoms of hypovolemic shock.
Alternative names
Nosebleed; Nose bleed
Considerations
Nosebleeds are very common. The nose contains many tiny blood vessels that bleed easily. Air moving through the nose can dry and irritate the membranes lining the inside of the nose, forming crusts. These crusts bleed when irritated by rubbing, picking, or blowing the nose.
The lining of the nose is more likely to become dry and irritated from low humidity, allergies, colds, or sinusitis. Thus, nosebleeds occur more frequently in the winter when viruses are common and heated indoor air dries out the nostrils. A foreign object in the nose or direct impact to the nose can also cause a nosebleed.
If you have a deviated septum, you may be prone to frequent nosebleeds.
Most nosebleeds occur on the tip of the septum, the cartilage that separates the nasal chambers. The septum contains many fragile, easily damaged blood vessels. This form of nosebleed is usually easy to stop. Less commonly, nosebleeds may occur higher on the septum or deeper in the nose. These higher or deeper nosebleeds may be harder to control.
Occasionally, nosebleeds may indicate other disorders such as bleeding disorders or high blood pressure.
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (also called HHT or Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome) may be evidenced by nosebleeds. This is a disorder involving a blood vessel growth similar to a birthmark in the back of the nose.
Blood thinners such as Coumadin or aspirin may cause or worsen nosebleeds.
Common Causes
- Nose picking
- Direct impact or broken nose
- Vigorous nose blowing
- In children, a foreign body lodged in the nose
- Allergic rhinitis
- Repeated sneezing
- Upper respiratory infection
- Barotrauma
- Chemical irritants
- Drugs (such as anticoagulants or anti-inflammatories)
- Facial and nasal surgery
Home Care
Sit down and gently squeeze the soft portion of the nose between your thumb and finger (so that the nostrils are closed) for about 5-10 minutes. Lean forward to avoid swallowing the blood and breathe through your mouth. Wait at least 5 minutes before checking if the bleeding has stopped. Almost all nose bleeds can be controlled in this way if sufficient time is allowed for the bleeding to stop.
It may help to apply cold compresses or ice across the bridge of the nose. DO NOT pack the inside of the nose with gauze.
Written and revised by
David Cohen, M.D.
Our doctors write and review articles for accuracy and keep them up to date.
health.am provides general information, not medical advice. Always consult a qualified health professional about your own health.