Nasal allergies may affect infants too

A new study adds to evidence that infants and toddlers are not too young to develop nasal allergies, particularly if their parents have a history of the bothersome condition.

In a study of more than 1,800 18-month-old children, French researchers found that 9 percent had suffered symptoms suggestive of nasal allergies, also called allergic rhinitis, in the past year. Those toddlers were also more likely than the rest of the study group to show certain objective markers of allergies.

While it is known that infants do suffer certain allergies, like food allergies, there have been questions about whether allergic reactions to airborne irritants like dust mites, pet dander and mold begin as early as the first year of life.

The uncertainty arises in large part from the fact that it is hard to tell whether babies' runny, stuffy noses signal a cold or other respiratory infection, or a possible allergy.

"It's hard to know what's happening with very young children when you are dealing with them on a one-on-one basis," said Dr. Henry Milgrom, a professor of pediatrics at National Jewish Health in Denver.

Babies and toddlers frequently come down with colds, so in most cases parents should not assume that recurrent runny noses signal an allergy, according to Milgrom, who was not involved in the new study.

"I think a lot of new parents are unprepared for how many colds babies and toddlers get," Milgrom noted. Parents, he said, should be aware that frequent nasal symptoms are to be expected, particularly if a baby or toddler is around other young children.

But by including objective tests of allergy indicators, the new study helps confirm that some babies and toddlers may in fact suffer from nasal allergies, according to Milgrom.

The situation parallels that of asthma: Many babies and young children have occasional episodes of wheezing, usually related to a viral infection, and most are not later diagnosed with asthma. But some are.

For the current study, published in the journal Allergy, researchers led by Dr. Isabelle Momas of Paris Descartes University surveyed parents of 1,850 children 18 months old. They also took blood samples from the toddlers to test for biological indicators of a nasal allergy.

Overall, 9 percent of the children had suffered possible nasal allergy symptoms in the past year - meaning their parents said the children had had trouble with sneezing or a stuffed, runny nose even in the absence of a cold or the flu.

These toddlers were also more likely than those without such symptoms to show certain biological markers of an allergy. Nineteen percent had an elevated concentration of inflammatory immune-system cells called eosinophils; that compared with 12 percent of children whose parents reported no allergy-like symptoms.

In addition, 5.5 percent of toddlers in the former group were found to have immune system antibodies to an inhaled allergen - in most cases, to house dust mites or cat dander. That compared with just under 3 percent of the other children.