Cervical ulceration
Key points
- Cervical erosion is a partial or complete absence of the squamous epithelium (surface) of the cervix.
- Cervical erosion may be caused by trauma (through intercourse, tampon insertion, foreign objects in the vagina, or speculum insertion), or infection (herpes, early syphilis, tampons that were not removed, severe vaginal infections), and sometimes chemicals (spermaticidal contraceptive creams or foams, douches).
- Pelvic examination reveals an area on the cervix that looks raw, red, and inflamed.
- Erosion caused by trauma or chemicals may only require avoiding further trauma or chemical exposure, allowing time for the cervical surface to heal.
Alternative names
Cervical erosion
Definition
Cervical erosion is a partial or complete absence of the squamous epithelium (surface) of the cervix. The normal tissue on the surface of the cervix and/or around the os (mouth of the cervix), is replaced by inflamed tissue from within the cervical canal. This endocervical tissue is red and granular, so it gives the cervix a red, eroded, and infected appearance.
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
Cervical erosion may be caused by trauma (through intercourse, tampon insertion, foreign objects in the vagina, or speculum insertion), or infection (herpes, early syphilis, tampons that were not removed, severe vaginal infections), and sometimes chemicals (spermaticidal contraceptive creams or foams, douches).
There is an increased risk associated with vaginal use of chemical agents or multiple sexual partners; however, the condition is seen in women without these risk factors.
Symptoms
- Abnormal vaginal bleeding (not associated with a menstrual period):
o After sexual intercourse (postcoital)
o Between menstrual periods
o Discharge (clear or yellowish mucus) - may have an odor if associated with a vaginal infection
Note: Typically there are no symptoms.
Signs and tests
Pelvic examination reveals an area on the cervix that looks raw, red, and inflamed.
- A Pap smear may show atypical cells
- Colposcopic examination reveals an area of raw, stripped, squamous epithelium
- Cervical biopsy may be necessary
Treatment
The treatment is dependent on the cause. Infections may require prescription medications. Erosion caused by trauma or chemicals may only require avoiding further trauma or chemical exposure, allowing time for the cervical surface to heal. Cauterization is also used on occasion. Estrogen vaginal cream also may help thicken the vaginal and cervical epithelium.
Expectations (prognosis)
Cervical erosion usually heals on its own. Treatment, if necessary, is usually very successful.
Complications
Cervical erosion may be an early sign of cervical cancer.
Calling your health care provider
Written and revised by
Gerald Hurowitz, M.D.
Our doctors write and review articles for accuracy and keep them up to date.
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