Research sheds new light on extra help for smokers trying to quit

A major research trial to test the effectiveness of extra support for smokers calling an NHS quitline - on top of what is already offered by the service - has found the additional help does not improve success rates for quitting the habit.

The pilot scheme offered smokers additional help in the form of free nicotine patches and extra telephone counselling from the English National Quitline. The Department of Health and UK Centre for Tobacco Control Studies (UKCTCS)-funded study led by The University of Nottingham's UK Centre for Tobacco Control Studies has just been published in the online version of the British Medical Journal.

The work was carried out to establish whether the tried and tested support from the quitline could be improved to help more people stop smoking. The trial also examined whether the offer of free nicotine replacement therapy made to quitline callers increases the numbers of smokers who give up for good.

Smoking remains the single most important avoidable cause of illness and death and research into smoking cessation is a top public health priority in the UK. This latest study by UKCTCS set out to compare the effectiveness of a package of extra support offered to smokers with the standard support offered through the English NHS Smoking Helpline.

Leading the study, Professor Tim Coleman of UKCTCS, said: “This important trial has shed useful light on how telephone quitlines can be used to help smokers wanting to quit. I think the results highlight just how hard it is for most people to break their addiction to tobacco and just how powerful and damaging a drug this is.

"On the basis of this study, giving out free nicotine patches and more intensive telephone counselling through the English national quitline just doesn’t seem to work. It brings into sharp relief the need to find other ways of using quitlines help smokers give up and so to reduce the terrible effects smoking has on people’s lives and the costly burden to the NHS.”

The researchers carried out a parallel four group (2x2), randomised controlled trial among 2,591 non-pregnant smokers who called the English NHS smoking helpline between February 2009 and February 2010. Each smoker was randomly assigned to one of four groups:

- Standard support- NHS Stop Smoking Services advice and access to helpline
- Standard support with free nicotine replacement therapy (NRT)
- Proactive support -consisting of extra and regular scheduled telephone and message support from helpline staff.
- Proactive support with free (NRT)

Encouragement and congratulations

The proactive groups were contacted by counsellors before their agreed quit date, on the day itself, and then at 3, 7, 14 and 21 days after quitting. Counsellors were trained to use specially designed motivational interviewing techniques which were tailored to each stage of the quitting process. The support closely monitored the two proactive groups’ progress, and offered counselling, encouragement and congratulations.