Battle to legalize abortion heats up in Brazil

Every week at the Hospital das Clinicas in Sao Paulo, Brazil's largest public hospital, women are rushed to the emergency room with severe vaginal bleeding.

Most are in their teens or early 20s and live in the dirt-poor slums that encircle South America's biggest city. Some say they have no idea what caused the bleeding. Others tell elaborate stories of menstruation gone awry.

But hardly any own up to the truth: Scared of being turned in to the authorities in a country where abortion is illegal, they are reluctant to admit they induced miscarriage by inserting a black-market ulcer medication into their vaginas.

"They try to hide the fact that they were pregnant," said Pedro Paulo Pereira, a doctor who runs the hospital's obstetrics ward. "They're young and afraid."

Although abortion is outlawed in Brazil except in rare circumstances, the country has one of the highest abortion rates in the developing world. The Health Ministry estimates that 31 percent of all pregnancies end in abortion. That works out to about 1.4 million abortions a year, mostly clandestine.

In the United States, where abortion was legalized in 1973, about 25 percent of all pregnancies end in abortion. In the Netherlands, a country with some of the world's most liberal abortion laws, the ratio is closer to 10 percent.

Despite its prevalence, abortion largely remains a taboo subject in Brazil, the world's biggest Roman Catholic country. But that is now changing as civic groups and some medical professionals prompt a public debate on abortion by championing a woman's right to end an unwanted pregnancy. They want to prevent women from dying in clandestine abortions.

In September, the government sent a bill to Congress to legalize abortion. Supporters of the bill, which will likely be debated for months in the lower house, acknowledge its chances of approval are slim. But they see it as a crucial step in taking abortion out of the realm of religious dogma and turning it into a matter of civic debate.

If approved, the legislation would authorize abortion up to 12 weeks from conception, up to 20 weeks in rape cases and at any time if the woman's life is at risk or if the fetus is unlikely to survive after birth.

Currently, abortion is only allowed in cases of rape or when the mother's life is danger. But even then, getting a judge to authorize the procedure can be difficult, and some doctors refuse to perform abortions on religious grounds.

PUBLIC HEALTH VS. WOMEN'S RIGHTS

The abortion battle is also being fought elsewhere in Latin America, where only Cuba and Guyana have fully legalized the procedure. Last month Colombia's highest court delayed ruling on a lawsuit seeking to loosen the country's abortion laws.

Argentina's Congress is debating a handful of bills authorizing abortion in some instances. In Uruguay, a bill legalizing the practice was defeated by just three votes in the Senate in 2004.