Sex, age may affect athletes' concussion recovery

Female and high school athletes may need more time to recover from a concussion than their male or college counterparts, a new study finds.

Researchers found that of 222 young athletes who suffered a concussion, female athletes tended to have more symptoms than males. They also scored lower on tests of "visual memory" - the ability to recall information about something you've seen.

Meanwhile, high school athletes fared worse on memory tests than college players, and typically took longer to improve.

For parents, coaches and athletes, the key message is to have patience with concussion recovery, according to lead researcher Tracey Covassin, an assistant professor at Michigan State University in East Lansing.

"It's going to take time for your child to fully recover, so don't rush them back into the sport," Covassin said in an interview.

And some extra time, she said, may be in order for female athletes and high schoolers.

The findings, which appear in the American Journal of Sports Medicine, are based on 222 high school and college athletes who suffered a concussion over two years.

That included football, soccer and volleyball players, for example.

Covassin's team gave them standard tests of memory and other mental skills, as well as balance, over the first two weeks post-concussion.

Overall, female athletes complained of more symptoms than their male counterparts - an average of 14 symptoms, versus 10. Concussion symptoms include problems like headache, dizziness, nausea, ringing in the ears, fatigue and confusion.

Female athletes also had lower average scores on visual memory tests - though male and female players alike gradually improved over the two weeks.

High school athletes, meanwhile, performed worse on memory tests than their college counterparts, and improved more slowly. After one week, they were still lagging behind the older athletes.

And among male athletes, high schoolers also had more problems when researchers tested their balancing skills.

The study is not the first to suggest that younger brains, or female ones, may need a little more time to recover from a concussion.

But it adds to evidence that such differences exist - and that doctors, parents and coaches should be aware of them, Covassin said.

Younger athletes, she said, likely need more recovery time because the teenage brain is still developing. It's also smaller, which means it can more easily be "knocked around" within the skull if a young athlete takes a hit.

It's not clear why female athletes may fare worse than males, according to Covassin. But there's research suggesting that differences in brain structure are at work.