Couples' risk of break-up higher after pregnancy loss

Studies have shown that married couples' risk of divorce can go up after the death of a child, and now new findings suggest that relationships may also become more fragile after a miscarriage or stillbirth.

In a study of more than 3,700 U.S. married or cohabitating couples who'd had at least one pregnancy, researchers found that those who'd suffered a miscarriage or stillbirth were more likely to break up in subsequent years than couples who had a baby.

Specifically, couples who had a miscarriage (the loss of a fetus before the 20th week of pregnancy) were 22 percent more likely than those who had a live birth to separate during the 15-year study period. With stillbirth (loss of a fetus after 20 weeks but before birth), the risk was 40 percent greater.

And while the increased risk associated with miscarriage was seen within three years of the loss, the risk linked to stillbirth persisted for nearly a decade.

The researchers say their study, published in the journal Pediatrics, is the first national study to show that couples who suffer a pregnancy loss are at increased risk of a breakup.

The findings are, however, in line with those from past studies of married couples who've lost a child. Those studies have generally found that while bereavement brings some couples closer together, the general risk of divorce appears to climb after losing a child.

Given that research, the current findings are not unexpected, according to lead researcher Dr. Katherine Gold, of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor.

However, she told Reuters Health in an email, she was "honestly surprised" at the strength of the associations between pregnancy loss and relationship breakups - as well as how lasting the effects, particularly of stillbirth, appeared to be.

"For miscarriage, we saw the strongest risk in the first 1.5 to 3 years after a loss, but for stillbirth the risk lasted nearly a decade after a loss," Gold said. "That's a much longer period than I think any of us who work in this area would have guessed."

However, Gold also stressed that "couples should not look at this study and think that on top of a loss their relationship is doomed." Many couples, she said, cope well and can actually become closer after a pregnancy loss.

Still, the current findings are concerning, according to Gold, and they point to a need to understand why these couples are at increased risk of breaking up.

The study included 3,707 married or cohabitating women who had a total of 7,770 pregnancies; 82 percent ended in a birth, while 16 percent ended in miscarriage and 2 percent in a stillbirth.

A substantial number of relationships ended during the study period.

Among couples who had a live birth, more than 40 percent broke up within 10 years. But among couples who had a stillbirth, that figure was nearly 60 percent; meanwhile, close to half of couples who had a miscarriage broke up within a decade.