Schizophrenia: Newer Medicines

What is schizophrenia?

Schizophrenia is a chronic, disabling illness that may be caused by abnormal amounts of certain chemicals in the brain. These chemicals are called neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters control our thought processes and emotions.

How do people who have schizophrenia think and act?

People who have schizophrenia may seem different from other people. They may seem to show fewer emotions than other people. They may keep to themselves, withdrawing from social contact. At times they may seem slowed down, as if they don't have enough energy.

People who have schizophrenia may have unusual beliefs, called delusions. They may believe that others are spying on them or that they are famous people from history. Sometimes, they may hear voices telling them what to do or saying things about them. Voices that others can't hear and visions that others can't see are called hallucinations. A schizophrenic person's thoughts may also race through his or her mind, becoming confused and disorganized. These symptoms come and go, often occurring after stressful events.

How is schizophrenia treated?

In the past, schizophrenia has been treated with medicines that block the action of a brain chemical called dopamine. These medicines help control the abnormal thinking of people who have schizophrenia. Unfortunately, the medicines also decrease a person's ability to show emotion, and cause slowing and stiffness in the muscles. The medicines can cause other unpleasant side effects, like unusual movements of the tongue and face. This condition is called tardive dyskinesia. A dangerous syndrome, neuroleptic malignant syndrome (also called NMS) can develop in people who use these medicines. A person with NMS may have rigid muscles or a very high body temperature. He or she may even go into a coma.

Newer medicines are now also available to treat people who have schizophrenia.

What is different about newer medicines for treating schizophrenia?

Newer medicines for treating schizophrenia block the brain chemical called serotonin in addition to blocking dopamine. The medicines help control the abnormal thinking associated with schizophrenia. They also improve the social withdrawal and lack of emotion that make people who have schizophrenia seem different even when they are not having hallucinations or delusions.

Do the newer drugs have any side effects?

Like most medicines, the newer medicines for treating schizophrenia can cause side effects. Not everyone gets these side effects. Any side effects you have will depend on which medicine your doctor has chosen for you.