Having a confidant may ward off kids' depression

Among abused and neglected children who are genetically prone to develop depression, the risk of doing so may be reduced if they have someone to talk to, share good news with and get advice from, new study findings show.

"A lot of people think that maltreatment or having 'bad' genes leads inevitably to bad outcomes, but it doesn't," study author Dr. Joan Kaufman, of Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut, told AMN Health.

"Positive social supports can help promote resiliency even in the context of maltreatment and a genetic predisposition for psychiatric illness," she said.

Countless instances of child maltreatment occur each year, including nearly 1 million substantiated reports, and many other cases that are never brought to the attention of some authority. Although not all abused children are doomed to experience some type of psychiatric problem, depression is among the most commonly reported mental conditions among this group.

Also, genes can be a factor. Previous research in adults has shown that having a short version of the serotonin transporter gene, may increase susceptibility to depression after some stressful event. Among infants reared in stressful environments, those with the genetic variant show increased emotional distress, studies show.

Researchers have also found that the availability of a caring, stable parent or guardian may positively influence the long-term development of a person with a history of abuse.

In the current study, Kaufman and her team looked at 57 children who were removed from their homes due to allegations of abuse and/or neglect and a comparison group of 44 children with no history of maltreatment. The 5- to 15-year-old black, white, Hispanic and biracial study participants were from 67 families.

As in adult studies, children who had a history of significant stress - maltreatment in this case - and were genetically predisposed, seemed to be more vulnerable to depression than their peers, the researchers report in this week's Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Those from more stable homes, on the other hand, tended to have less signs of depression, regardless of whether or not they were genetically predisposed to the condition, the researchers note.

For example, among those genetically vulnerable to depression, maltreated children with low social support - i.e. they did not always have someone to rely on when in need, talk to about personal things, share good news with, have fun with or go to for advice - scored twice as high on a measure of the severity of their depression symptoms than did those with no history of abuse.