Telomeres may predict heart disease risk, study finds

Telomeres, tiny strands of DNA at the ends of chromosomes that seem to contain secrets about aging, may also hold clues about who is more likely to suffer from coronary heart disease, British scientists report.

The researchers, who measured telomere length in the white blood cells (leukocytes) of 1,500 men between 45 and 64 years old, found short telomeres indicate a higher likelihood of developing heart disease.

"We have shown that leukocyte telomere length is associated with future coronary heart disease events in middle-aged, high-risk men," Professor Nilesh Samani, of the University of Leicester in England, and associates reported in The Lancet medical journal on Friday.

Telomeres protect the ends of chromosomes from fraying. They shorten each time a cell divides and the loss is associated with aging. As telomeres get smaller, the chromosomes can become unstable and at greater risk of mutation.

Earlier research had shown that people with heart disease have shorter telomeres but it was not clear until now if telomere length could be a predictive marker for the illness.

"They have shown that it is a predictor. It doesn't say it is functionally linked to heart disease but it is certainly associated with it," Professor Jeremy Pearson, of the British Heart Foundation, said in an interview.

He said the findings are also important in understanding the disease process and in finding ways to prevent heart attacks.

The researchers, who compared the length of telomeres of 484 men who went on to develop heart disease and 1,058 healthy men, found shorter telomere length was linked to disease risk.

Heart disease is a leading killer in industrialized countries. Smoking, being overweight or obese, lack of exercise, high blood pressure, diabetes and raised cholesterol levels increase the odds of developing the illness.

In addition to pinpointing which men might develop heart disease, Samani and his team said telomere length could be used to help identify men would benefit from taking cholesterol-lowering drugs known as statins to reduce their risk of heart disease.

They showed statins lowered the odds of developing heart disease in patients with short telomeres. But if patients with short telomeres were given a placebo, or dummy pill, their odds of illness were almost double compared to people with long telomeres.