Classification and Causes of Urinary Incontinence

Genuine stress incontinence

  Bladder neck displacement

  Intrinsic sphincter dysfunction (ISD)

Detrusor instability/urge incontinence

  Idiopathic

  Neurologic detrusor hyperreflexia

Mixed incontinence (genuine stress and detrusor instability combined)

Overflow incontinence with urinary retention

  Obstruction

  Bladder hyporeflexia

Bypass incontinence

  Genitourinary fistulas

Urethral diverticulum

Congenital urethral abnormalities (eg, epispadias, bladder exstrophy, ectopic ureter)

Functional and transient incontinence

  Infection

  Pharmacologic

  Restricted mobility

  Dementia/delirium

  Excessive urine production (diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidus, resorption of extravascular fluid as with lower extremity edema)

  Stool impaction