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TNM classification of tumors of the testis




































































































Table 23-1. TNM classification of tumors of the testis.
T—Primary tumor
  TX:
Cannot be assessed.
  T0:
No evidence of primary tumor.
  Tis:
Intratubular cancer (CIS).
  T1:
Limited to testis and epididymis, no vascular invasion.
  T2:
Invades beyond tunica albuginea or has vascular invasion.
  T3:
Invades spermatic cord.
  T4:
Invades scrotum.
N—Regional lymph nodes
  NX:
Cannot be assessed.
  N0:
No regional lymph node metastasis.
  N1:
Lymph node metastasis ≤ 2 cm and ≤ 5 lymph nodes.
  N2:
Metastasis in > 5 nodes, nodal mass > 2 cm and < 5 cm.
  N3:
Nodal mass > 5 cm.
M—Distant metastasis
  MX:
Cannot be assessed.
  M0:
No distant metastasis.
  M1:
Distant metastasis present.
S—Serum tumor markers
  SX:
Markers not available.
  S0:
Marker levels within normal limits.
  S1:
Lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) < 1.5 × normal and hCG < 5000 mIU/mL and AFP < 1000 ng/mL.
  S2:
LDH 1.5-10 × normal or hCG 5000-50,000 mIU/mL or AFP 1000-10,000 ng/mL.
  S3:
LDH > 10 × normal or hCG > 50,000 mIU/mL or AFP > 10,000 ng/mL.
Source: American Joint Committee on Cancer: TNM Classification—Genitourinary Sites, 1996.