TABLE 43-2. Long-term Complications of Obesity

TABLE 43-2. Long-term Complications of Obesity
Disorder	Possible Cause (s)
Type 2 diabetes mellitus	Insulin resistance
Hypertension	Increased blood volume and cardiac output
Coronary heart disease	Hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus
Obesity cardiomyopathy	Eccentric left ventricular hypertrophy
Sleep apnea/pulmonary dysfunction	Pharyngeal fat deposition
Ischemic stroke	Atherosclerosis, decreased cerebral blood flow
Gallbladder disease	Hyperlipidemia
Liver disease: nonalcoholic steatohepatitis	Increased visceral adiposity; elevated serum free fatty acids; hyperinsulinemia
Osteoarthritis	Stress on weight-bearing joints
Subfertility	Hyperinsulinemia
Cancer: endometrium, colon, breast	Hyperestrogenemia
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Deep venous thrombosis
Poor wound healing
Compiled from Alpert, 2001; Calle, 1999, 2003; Chinali, 2004; Kenchaiah, 2002; Mokdad, 2003; Must, 1999; Ninomiya, 2004, and all of their colleagues; National Task Force on the Prevention and Treatment of Obesity, 2000.