Table 42-14.
| Table 42-14. Posttesticular causes of infertility. |
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Reproductive tract obstruction Congenital blockages Congenital absence of the vas deferens (CAVD) Young syndrome Idiopathic epididymal obstruction Polycystic kidney disease Ejaculatory duct obstruction Acquired blockages Vasectomy Groin surgery Infection Functional blockages Sympathetic nerve injury Pharmacologic |
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Disorders of sperm function or motility Immotile cilia syndromes Maturation defects Immunologic infertility Infection |
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Disorders of coitus Impotence Hypospadias Timing and frequency |