Table 42-12.
| Table 42-12. Testicular causes of infertility. |
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Chromosomal (Klinefelter syndrome [XXY], XX sex reversal, XYY syndrome) Noonan syndrome (male Turner syndrome) Myotonic dystrophy Vanishing testis syndrome (bilateral anorchia) Sertoli-cell-only syndrome (germ cell aplasia) Y chromosome microdeletions (DAZ) Gonadotoxins (radiation, drugs) Systemic disease (renal failure, liver failure, sickle cell anemia) Defective androgen activity Testis injury (orchitis, torsion, trauma) Cryptorchidism Varicocele Idiopathic |