|
Table 14-3. Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy. |
|
Risk Factor |
Odds Ratio1 |
|
High risk |
|
|
Tubal surgery |
21.0 |
|
Sterilization |
9.3 |
|
Previous ectopic pregnancy |
8.3 |
|
In-utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol |
5.6 |
|
Use of IUD |
4.2-45.0 |
|
Documented tubal pathology |
3.8-21.0 |
|
Moderate risk |
|
|
Infertility |
2.5-21.0 |
|
Previous genital infections |
2.5-3.7 |
|
Multiple sexual partners |
2.1 |
|
Slight risk |
|
|
Previous pelvic/abdominal surgery |
0.9-3.8 |
|
Cigarette smoking |
2.3-2.5 |
|
Vaginal douching |
1.1-3.1 |
|
Early age at first intercourse (< 18 years) |
1.6 |
|
1Single values indicate common odds ratio from homogeneous studies; point estimates indicate range of values from heterogeneous studies. |
|
Reproduced, with permission, from Pisarska et al: Ectopic pregnancy. Lancet 1998;351:1115. |
| |
