TABLE 415-1 -THERAPY FOR CYTOMEGALOVIRUS (CMV) RETINITIS

Ganciclovir: Induction therapy: 5 mg/kg IV q 12 hr x 14 d        Chronic maintenance therapy: 5-6 mg/kg IV qd or 5d/wk, or 1 g PO tid        Intraocular device: must replace after 6 to 8 months    Efficacy: intraocular device >IV >PO    Adverse effects: systemic therapy can cause granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, azoospermia. Intraocular device placement can be complicated by retinal detachment, bleeding, or endophthalmitis. High risk of contralateral or extraocular CMV disease with intraocular device as sole therapy; should have PO ganciclovir co-administered. Foscarnet: Induction therapy: 90 mg/kg IV q 12 hr x 14 d        Chronic maintenance therapy: 90-120 mg/kg IV qd    Efficacy: equivalent to IV ganciclovir    Adverse effects: nephrotoxicity, ionized hypocalcemia (seizure or arrhythmia with overdose), hypomagnesemia, hypophosphatemia, hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, genital ulcers, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus Cidofovir: Induction therapy: 5 mg/kg IV q week x 2        Chronic maintenance therapy: 5 mg/kg IV q 2 weeks        Concomitant saline hydration and oral probenecid must be coadministered to decrease risk of nephrotoxicity.    Efficacy: has not been compared to other anti-CMV treatments.    Adverse effects: nephrotoxicity, neutropenia, probenecid-induced hypersensitivity reaction or nausea, neuropathy, anterior uveitis, hypotony

Approximate frequency in HIV-infected patients with odynophagia