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CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS |
Massive parenteral exposure
- Transfusion of blood
- High-inoculum injection of blood (>1 mL) or laboratory materials containing high viral titers
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Recommended |
Definite parenteral exposure
- Deep intramuscular injury with a needle contaminated with blood or a body fluid
- Small volume injection of blood or body fluid (<1 mL)
- Laceration caused by instrument contaminated with blood or body fluids
- Laceration inoculated with blood, body fluids, or virus samples (research materials)
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Recommended |
Possible parenteral exposure
- Subcutaneous or superficial injury with an instrument or needle contaminated with blood or body fluids
- Injury with a contaminated instrument or needle which does not cause visible bleeding
- Previous wound or skin lesion contaminated with blood or body fluids
- Mucous membrane exposure to blood or body fluids
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Available |
Doubtful parenteral exposure
- Subcutaneous injury by instrument or needle contaminated with noninfectious fluids
- Contamination of a wound, previous skin lesion, or mucous membrane with noninfectious fluids
- Intact skin visibly contaminated with blood
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Discouraged |
* Dual nucleoside therapy (e.g., zidovudine plus lamivudine), usually with a potent protease inhibitor or non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI); see text.
Body fluids considered to be potentially infectious include blood, blood products, cerebrospinal fluid, amniotic fluid, menstrual discharge, inflammatory exudates, pleural fluid, peritoneal fluid, pericardial fluid, and any fluid visibly contaminated with blood. All other fluids are considered noninfectious.
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