| |
Dilated |
Hypertrophic |
Restrictive |
| Frequent causes |
Idiopathic, alcoholic, myocarditis, postpartum, doxorubicin, endocrinopathies, genetic diseases |
Hereditary syndrome, possibly chronic hypertension |
Amyloidosis, post-radiation, post-open heart surgery, diabetes, endomyocardial fibrosis |
| Symptoms |
Left or biventricular congestive heart failure |
Dyspnea, chest pain, syncope |
Dyspnea, fatigue, right-sided congestive heart failure |
| Physical examination |
Cardiomegaly, S3, elevated jugular venous pressure, rales |
Sustained point of maximal impulse, S4, variable systolic murmur, bisferiens carotid pulse |
Elevated jugular venous pressure, Kussmaul's sign |
| ECG |
ST-T changes, conduction abnormalities, ventricular ectopy |
Left ventricular hypertrophy, exaggerated septal Q waves |
ST-T changes, conduction abnormalities, low voltage |
| Chest x-ray |
Enlarged heart, pulmonary congestion |
Mild cardiomegaly |
Mild to moderate cardiomegaly |
| Echocardiogram, nuclear studies |
Left ventricular dilation and dysfunction |
Left ventricular hypertrophy, asymmetric septal hypertrophy, small left ventricular size, normal or supranormal function, systolic anterior mitral motion, diastolic dysfunction |
Small or normal left ventricular size, normal or mildly reduced left ventricular function |
| Cardiac catheterization |
Left ventricular dilation and dysfunction, high diastolic pressures, low cardiac output |
Small, hypercontractile left ventricle, dynamic outflow gradient, diastolic dysfunction |
High diastolic pressure, "square root" sign, normal or mildly reduced left ventricular function |
