Figure 4-1 - Jugular venous waveforms

Figure 4-1 Jugular venous waveforms.

(a) Normal.

(b) Absent a wave in atrial fibrillation.

(c) Prominent a wave and shallow y descent in tricuspid stenosis.

(d) CV wave in varying degrees of tricuspid regurgitation.

(e) Rapid x and y descents in constrictive pericarditis.

(f) Rapid x descent and absent y descent in pericardial tamponade.