Health.am| Table 97-1. TNM staging system for prostate cancer of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (1992) |
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Tx Primary tumor cannot be assessed T0 No evidence of primary tumor T1 Clinically inapparent tumor not palpable or visible by imaging T1a Tumor incidental histologic finding in 5% or less of tissue resected T1b Tumor incidental histologic finding in more than 5% of tissue resected T1c Tumor identified by needle biopsy T2 Tumor confined within the prostate T2a Tumor involves half of a lobe or less T2b Tumor involves more than half a lobe but not both lobes T2c Tumor involves both lobes T3 Tumor extends through the prostatic capsule T3a Unilateral extracapsular extension T3b Bilateral extracapsular extension T3c Tumor invades the seminal vesicles T4 Tumor is fixed or invades adjacent structures other than the seminal vesicles T4a Tumor invades any of bladder neck, external sphincter, or rectum T4b Tumor invades levator muscles and/or is fixed to the pelvic wall Nx Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed N0 No regional lymph node metastasis N1 Metastasis in a single lymph node, 2 cm or less in greatest dimension N2 Metastasis in a single lymph node, more than 2 cm but not more than 5 cm in greatest dimension; or multiple lymph node metastases, none more than 5 cm in greatest dimension N3 Metastasis in a lymph node more than 5 cm in greatest dimension Mx Presence of distant metastasis cannot be assessed M0 No distant metastasis M1 Distant metastasis M1a Nonregional lymph nodes M1b Bone metastases M1c Other metastatic sites |