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TABLE 241-2. SURGICAL STAGING OF OVARIAN CARCINOMA

TABLE 241-2. SURGICAL STAGING OF OVARIAN CARCINOMAa
Stage Description
I Limited to the ovaries
IA Limited to one ovary; no tumor on the external surface, and capsule intact
IB Limited to both ovaries; no tumor on the external surface, and capsules intact
IC Stage IA or IB but with tumor on the surface of one or both ovaries, with capsule ruptured, or with ascites or peritoneal washings containing malignant cellsb
II Involving one or both ovaries, with pelvic extension
IIA Extension and/or metastases to the uterus and/or tubes
IIB Extension to other pelvic tissues
IIC Stage IIA or IIB but with tumor on the surface of one or both ovaries, with capsule rupture, or with ascites or peritoneal washings containing malignant cellsb
III Involving one or both ovaries with histologically confirmed peritoneal implants outside the pelvis and/or positive retroperitoneal or inguinal lymph nodes
IIIA Grossly limited to the true pelvis with negative lymph nodes, but with histologically confirmed microscopic tumor outside pelvis
IIIB Involving one or both ovaries with histologically confirmed implants on abdominal peritoneal surfaces < 2 cm in diameter and with negative lymph nodes
IIIC Abdominal implants > 2 cm in diameter and/or positive retroperitoneal or inguinal lymph nodes
IV Involving one or both ovaries with distant metastases. If pleural effusion is present, cytologic test results must be positive to signify stage IV. Parenchymal liver metastasis equals stage IV
Special category Unexplored cases thought to be ovarian carcinoma
aAs described by the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO), 1991.
bFor stages IC and IIC, knowing whether capsule rupture was spontaneous or caused by the surgeon and whether the source of malignant cells was ascites or peritoneal washings helps determine prognosis.