Health.am| Diagnosis | Current Treatment of Choice | Other Valuable Agents and Procedures |
| Acute lymphocytic leukemia | Induction: combination chemotherapy. Adults: Vincristine, prednisone, daunorubicin, and asparaginase (DVPLasp). Consolidation: multiagent alternating chemotherapy. Allogeneic bone marrow transplant for young adults or high-risk disease or second remission. Central nervous system prophylaxis with intrathecal methotrexate with or without whole brain radiation. Remission maintenance: methotrexate, thioguanine. |
Doxorubicin, cytarabine, cyclophosphamide, etoposide, teniposide, allopurinol,1 autologous bone marrow transplantation |
| Acute myelocytic and myelomonocytic leukemia | Induction: combination chemotherapy with cytarabine and an anthracycline (daunorubicin, idarubicin). Tretinoin with idarubicin for acute promyelocytic leukemia. Consolidation: high-dose cytarabine. Autologous (with or without purging) or allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for high-risk disease or second remission. |
Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg), mitoxantrone, idarubicin, etoposide, mercaptopurine, thioguanine, azacitidine, 2 amsacrine, 2 methotrexate, doxorubicin, tretinoin, allopurinol,1 leukapheresis, prednisone, arsenic trioxide for acute promyelocytic leukemia |
| Chronic myelocytic leukemia | Imatinib mesylate (Gleevec), hydroxyurea, interferon alfa. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for younger patients. | Busulfan, mercaptopurine, thioguanine, cytarabine, plicamycin, melphalan, autologous bone marrow transplantation, 2 allopurinol 1 |
| Chronic lymphocytic leukemia | Fludarabine, chlorambucil, and prednisone (if treatment is indicated). Second-line therapy: alemtuzumab (Campath-1H). | Vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, cladribine (2-chlorodeoxyadenosine; CdA), rituximab, allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, androgens, 2 allopurinol 1 |
| Hairy cell leukemia | Cladribine (2-chlorodeoxyadenosine; CdA). | Pentostatin (deoxycoformycin), interferon alfa |
| Hodgkin's disease (stages III and IV) | Combination chemotherapy: doxorubicin (Adriamycin), bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine (ABVD) or alternative combination therapy without mechlorethamine. Autologous bone marrow transplantation for high-risk patients or relapsed disease. | Mechlorethamine, vincristine, prednisone, procarbazine (MOPP); carmustine, lomustine, etoposide, thiotepa, autologous bone marrow transplantation |
| Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (intermediate to high grade) | Combination therapy: depending on histologic classification but usually including cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and prednisone (CHOP) with or without rituximab in older patients. Autologous bone marrow transplantation in high-risk first remission or first relapse. | Bleomycin, methotrexate, etoposide, chlorambucil, fludarabine, lomustine, carmustine, cytarabine, thiotepa, amsacrine, mitoxantrone, allogeneic bone marrow transplantation |
| Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (low grade) | Fludarabine, rituximab, if CD20 positive; ibritumomab tiuxetan or 131 I Tositumomab for relapsed or refractory disease. | Combination chemotherapy: cyclophosphamide, prednisone, doxorubicin, vincristine; chlorambucil, autologous or allogeneic transplantation |
| Cutaneous T cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides) | Topical carmustine, electron beam radiotherapy, photochemotherapy, targretin, denileukin diftitox (ONTAK) for refractory disease. | Interferon, combination chemotherapy, denileukin diftitox (ONTAK), targretin |
| Multiple myeloma | Combination chemotherapy: vincristine, doxorubicin, dexamethasone; melphalan and prednisone; melphalan, cyclosphosphamide, carmustine, vincristine, doxorubicin, prednisone, thalidomide. Autologous transplantation in first complete or partial remission, miniallogeneic transplant for poor-prognosis disease. Bortezomib for relapsed or refractory disease. | Clarithromycin, etoposide, cytarabine, interferon alfa, dexamethasone, autologous bone marrow transplantation |
| Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia | Fludarabine or chlorambucil or cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for high-risk young patients. | Cladribine, etoposide, interferon alfa, doxorubicin, dexamethasone, plasmapheresis, autologous bone marrow transplantation |
| Polycythemia vera, essential thrombocytosis | Hydroxyurea, phlebotomy for polycythemia. Anagrelide for thombocytosis. | Busulfan, chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide, interferon alfa, radiophosphorus 32 P |
| Carcinoma of the lung | ||
| Small cell | Combination chemotherapy: cisplatin and etoposide. Palliative radiation therapy. |
Cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine |
| Non-small cell 3 | Localized disease: cisplatin or carboplatin, docetaxel. Advanced disease: cisplatin or carboplatin, docetaxel, gemcitabine, gefitinib, etoposide, vinblastine, vinorelbine. |
Doxorubicin, etoposide, mitomycin, ifosfamide, paclitaxel, capecitabine, radiation therapy |
| Malignant pleural mesothelioma | Pemetrexed with cisplatin. | Doxorubicin, radiation, pleurectomy |
| Carcinoma of the head and neck 3 | Combination chemotherapy: cisplatin and fluorouracil, paclitaxel. | Methotrexate, bleomycin, hydroxyurea, doxorubicin, vinblastine |
| Carcinoma of the esophagus 3 | Combination chemotherapy: fluorouracil, cisplatin, mitomycin. | Methotrexate, bleomycin, doxorubicin, mitomycin |
| Carcinoma of the stomach and pancreas 3 | Stomach: etoposide, leucovorin, 1 fluorouracil (ELF). Pancreas: fluorouracil or ELF, gemcitabine. |
Carmustine, mitomycin, lomustine, doxorubicin, gemcitabine, methotrexate, cisplatin, combinations for stomach |
| Carcinoma of the colon and rectum 3 | Colon: oxaliplatin with infusional 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/leucovorin (FOLFOX4) (adjuvant); bevacizumab with irinotecan, 5-FU/leucovorin (advanced). Rectum: fluorouracil with radiation therapy (adjuvant). |
Cetuximab, capecitabine, methotrexate, mitomycin, carmustine, cisplatin, floxuridine |
| Carcinoma of the kidney 3 | Floxuridine, vinblastine, interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon alfa; consider miniallogeneic transplantation. 2 | Interferon alfa, progestins, infusional fluorodeoxyuridine, fluorouracil |
| Carcinoma of the bladder 3 | Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) or thiotepa. Combination chemotherapy: methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin (Adriamycin), cisplatin (M-VAC) or CMV alone. | Cyclophosphamide, fluorouracil, intravesical valrubicin, gemcitabine, cisplatin |
| Carcinoma of the testis 3 | Combination chemotherapy: etoposide and cisplatin. Autologous bone marrow transplantation for high-risk or relapsed disease. | Bleomycin, vinblastine, ifosfamide, mesna, 1 carmustine, carboplatin |
| Carcinoma of the prostate 3 | Estrogens or luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog (leuprolide, goserelin, or triptorelin) plus an antiandrogen (flutamide). | Ketoconazole, doxorubicin, aminoglutethimide, progestins, cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, vinblastine, etoposide, suramin 2 ; PC-SPES; estramustine phosphate |
| Carcinoma of the uterus 3 | Progestins or tamoxifen. | Doxorubicin, cisplatin, fluorouracil, ifosfamide |
| Carcinoma of the ovary 3 | Combination chemotherapy: paclitaxel and cisplatin or carboplatin. | Docetaxel, doxorubicin, topotecan, cyclophosphamide, etoposide, liposomal doxorubicin |
| Carcinoma of the cervix 3 | Combination chemotherapy: methotrexate, doxorubicin, cisplatin, and vinblastine; or mitomycin, bleomycin, vincristine, and cisplatin with radiation therapy. | Carboplatin, ifosfamide, lomustine |
| Carcinoma of the breast 3 | Combination chemotherapy: a variety of regimens are used for adjuvant therapy. For node-positive disease — combinations including doxorubicin or epirubicin and at least one of the following additional drugs: 5-FU, cyclophosphamide, docetaxel, paclitaxel. For node-negative disease — a combination of the drugs listed above or cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-FU (CMF). For estrogen- or progesterone-positive disease, tamoxifen is given for 5 years regardless of the use of adjuvant chemotherapy. | Trastuzumab (Herceptin) with chemotherapy, paclitaxel, docetaxel, epirubicin, mitoxantrone, topotecan, capecitabine, vinorelbine, thiotepa, vincristine, vinblastine, carboplatin or cisplatin, plicamycin, anastrozole, letrozole, exemestane, fulvestrant, toremifine, progestins |
| Choriocarcinoma (trophoblastic neoplasms) 3 | Methotrexate or dactinomycin (or both) plus chlorambucil. | Vinblastine, cisplatin, mercaptopurine, doxorubicin, bleomycin, etoposide |
| Carcinoma of the thyroid gland 3 | Radioiodine (131I). | Doxorubicin, cisplatin, bleomycin, melphalan |
| Carcinoma of the adrenal gland 3 | Mitotane. | Doxorubicin, suramin 2 |
| Carcinoid 3 | Fluorouracil plus streptozocin with or without interferon alfa. | Doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, octreotide, cyproheptadine, 1 methysergide 1 |
| Osteogenic sarcoma 3 | High-dose methotrexate, doxorubicin, vincristine. | Cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, bleomycin, dacarbazine, cisplatin, dactinomycin |
| Soft tissue sarcoma 3 | Doxorubicin, dacarbazine. | Ifosfamide, cyclosphosphamide, etoposide, cisplatin, high-dose methotrexate, vincristine |
| Melanoma 3 | Dacarbazine, interferon alfa, IL-2. | Carmustine, lomustine, melphalan, thiotepa, cisplatin, paclitaxel, tamoxifen, vincristine, vaccine therapy (Melacine) 2 |
| Kaposi's sarcoma | Doxorubicin, vincristine alternating with vinblastine or vincristine alone. Palliative radiation therapy. | Interferon alfa, bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin |
| Neuroblastoma 3 | Combination chemotherapy: variations of cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, vincristine, doxorubicin, dacarbazine. | Melphalan, ifosfamide, autologous or allogeneic bone marrow transplantation |