Table 18-1. Common drugs that are teratogenic or fetotoxic
ACE 2 inhibitors
Alcohol
Amantadine
Aminopterin
Androgens
Anticonvulsants
Aminoglutethimide
Carbamazepine
Ethotoin
Phenytoin
Valproic acid
Aspirin and other salicylates (third trimester)
Benzodiazepines
Carbarsone (amebicide)
Chloramphenicol (third trimester)
Thalidomide
Cyclophosphamide
Diazoxide
Diethylstilbestrol
Disulfiram
Ergotamine
Estrogens
Griseofulvin
Hypoglycemics, oral
Isotretinoin
Lithium
Methotrexate
Misoprostol
NSAIDs 3 (third trimester)
Opioids (prolonged use)
Progestins
Radioiodine (antithyroid)
Reserpine
Ribavirin
Sulfonamides (third trimester)
Tetracycline (third trimester)
Tobacco smoking
Trimethoprim (third trimester)
Warfarin and other coumarin anticoagulants
1 Many other drugs are also contraindicated during pregnancy. Evaluate any drug for its need versus its potential adverse effects. Further information can be obtained from the manufacturer or from any of several teratogenic registries around the country.
3 ACE = amgiotensin-converting enzyme.
3 NSAIDs = nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.