REFERENCES
- J. C. Presti, Jr., J. J. Chang, V. Bhargava, et al., The optimal systematic prostate biopsy scheme should include 8 rather than 6 biopsies: results of a prospective clinical trial. J Urol, 163 (2000), 163-7.
- K. Roehl, J. Antenor, W. Catalona, Serial biopsy results in prostate cancer screening study. J Urol, 167 (2002), 2435-9.
- T. M. Koppie, F. J. Bianco, Jr., K. Kuroiwa, et al., The clinical features of anterior prostate cancers. BJU Int, 98 (2006), 1167-71.
- D. Beyersdorff, M. Taupitz, B. Winkelmann, et al., Patients with a history of elevated prostate-specific antigen levels and negative transrectal US-guided quadrant or sextant biopsy results: value of MR imaging. Radiology, 224 (2002), 701-6.
- M. Mullerad, H. Hricak, K. Kuroiwa, et al., Comparison of endorectal magnetic resonance imaging, guided prostate biopsy and digital rectal examination in the preoperative anatomical localization of prostate cancer. J Urol, 174 (2005), 2158-63.
- H. Hricak, S. White, D. Vigneron, et al., Carcinoma of the prostate gland: MR imaging with pelvic phased array coil versus integrated endorectal-pelvic phased-array coils. Radiology, 193 (1994), 703-9.
- O. Akin, E. Sala, C. S. Moskowitz, et al., Transition zone prostate cancers: features, detection, localization, and staging at endorectal MR imaging. Radiology, 239 (2006), 784-92.
- M. Schnall, H. M. Pollack, Magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate. Urol Radiol, 12 (1990), 109-14.
- I. Kaplan, N. E. Oldenburg, P. Meskell, et al., Real time MRI-ultrasound image guided stereotactic prostate biopsy. Magn Reson Imaging, 20 (2002), 295-9.
- M. R. Cooperberg, D. P. Lubeck, M. V. Meng, et al., The changing face of low-risk prostate cancer: trends in clinical presentation and primary management. J Clin Oncol, 22 (2004), 2141-9.
- G. Draisma, R. Boer, S. J. Otto, et al., Lead times and overdetection due to prostate-specific antigen screening: estimates from the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst, 95 (2003), 868-78.
- R. Etzioni, D. F. Penson, J. M. Legler, et al., Overdiagnosis due to prostate-specific antigen screening: lessons from U.S. prostate cancer incidence trends. J Natl Cancer Inst, 94 (2002), 981-90.
- M. I. Patel, D. T. DeConcini, E. Lopez-Corona, et al., An analysis of men with clinically localized prostate cancer who deferred definitive therapy. J Urol, 171 (2004), 1520-4.
- M. W. Kattan, J. A. Eastham, A. M. Stapleton, et al., A preoperative nomogram for disease recurrence following radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst, 90 (1998), 766-71.
- M. W. Kattan, A. M. Stapleton, T. M. Wheeler, et al., Evaluation of a nomogram used to predict the pathologic stage of clinically localized prostate carcinoma. Cancer, 79 (1997), 528-37.
- A. J. Stephenson, P. T. Scardino, J. A. Eastham, et al., Preoperative nomogram predicting the 10-year probability of prostate cancer recurrence after radical prostatectomy. J Natl Cancer Inst, 98 (2006), 715-17.
- H. B. Carter, J. Sauvageot, P. C. Walsh, et al., Prospective evaluation of men with stage T1C adenocarcinoma of the prostate. J Urol, 157 (1997), 2206-9.
- J. I. Epstein, D. W. Chan, L. J. Sokoll, et al., Nonpalpable stage T1c prostate cancer: prediction of insignificant disease using free/total prostate specific antigen levels and needle biopsy findings. J Urol, 160 (1998), 2407.
- J. I. Epstein, H. Sanderson, H. B. Carter, et al., Utility of saturation biopsy to predict insignificant cancer at radical prostatectomy. Urology, 66 (2005), 356-60.
- J. I. Epstein, P. C. Walsh, M. Carmichael, et al., Pathologic and clinical findings to predict tumor extent of nonpalpable (stage T1c) prostate cancer. JAMA, 271 (1994), 368-74.
- Y. Goto, M. Ohori, A. Arakawa, et al., Distinguishing clinically important from unimportant prostate cancers before treatment: value of systematic biopsies. J Urol, 156 (1996), 1059-63.
- M. W. Kattan, J. A. Eastham, T. M. Wheeler, et al., Counseling men with prostate cancer: a nomogram for predicting the presence of small, moderately differentiated, confined tumors. J Urol, 170 (2003), 1792-7.
- A. W. Partin, M. W. Kattan, E. N. Subong, et al., Combination of prostate-specific antigen, clinical stage, and Gleason score to predict pathological stage of localized prostate cancer. A multiinstitutional update. JAMA, 277 (1997), 1445-51.
- A. Shukla-Dave, H. Hricak, M. W. Kattan, et al., The utility of magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy for predicting insignificant prostate cancer: an initial analysis. BJU Int, 99 (2007), 786-93.
- F. V. Coakley, J. Kurhanewicz, Y. Lu, et al., Prostate cancer tumor volume: measurement with endorectal MR and MR spectroscopic imaging. Radiology, 223 (2002), 91-7.
- H. Hricak, MR imaging and MR spectroscopic imaging in the pre-treatment evaluation of prostate cancer. Br J Radiol, 78 (2005), S103-S111.
- K. K. Yu, J. Scheidler, H. Hricak, et al., Prostate cancer: prediction of extracapsular extension with endorectal MR imaging and three-dimensional proton MR spectroscopic imaging. Radiology, 213 (1999), 481-8.
- F. Cornud, T. Flam, L. Chauveinc, et al., Extraprostatic spread of clinically localized prostate cancer: factors predictive of pT3 tumor and of positive endorectal MR imaging examination results. Radiology, 224 (2002), 203-10.
- M. R. Engelbrecht, G. J. Jager, R. J. Laheij, et al., Local staging of prostate cancer using magnetic resonance imaging: a meta-analysis. Eur Radiol, 12 (2002), 2294-302.
- F. May, T. Treumann, P. Dettmar, et al., Limited value of endorectal magnetic resonance imaging and transrectal ultrasonography in the staging of clinically localized prostate cancer. BJU Int, 87 (2001), 66-9.
- M. Mullerad, H. Hricak, L. Wang, et al., Prostate cancer: detection of extracapsular extension by genitourinary and general body radiologists at MR imaging. Radiology, 232 (2004), 140-6.
- E. K. Outwater, R. O. Petersen, E. S. Siegelman, et al., Prostate carcinoma: assessment of diagnostic criteria for capsular penetration on endorectal coil MR images. Radiology, 193 (1994), 333-9.
- M. D. Rifkin, E. A. Zerhouni, C. A. Gatsonis, et al., Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography in staging early prostate cancer. Results of a multi-institutional cooperative trial. N Engl J Med, 323 (1990), 621-6.
- L. Wang, H. Hricak, M. W. Kattan, et al., Prediction of prostate cancer organ-confined disease: the incremental value of endorectal coil magnetic resonance imaging to partin staging nomograms (2001 version). Radiology, 238 (2006), 597-603.
- L. Wang, J. Zhang, L. H. Schwartz, et al., Prediction of seminal vesicle invasion in prostate cancer: incremental value of adding endorectal MR imaging to the Kattan nomogram. Radiology, 242 (2007), 182-8.
- L. Wang, M. Mullerad, H. N. Chen, et al., Prostate cancer: incremental value of endorectal MR imaging findings for prediction of extracapsular extension. Radiology, 232 (2004), 133-9.
- H. Hracik, L. Wang, D. C. Wei, et al., The role of preoperative endorectal magnetic imaging in the decision regarding whether to preserve or resect neurovascular bundles during radical retropubic prostatectomy. Cancer, 100:12 (2004), 2655-63.
- J. A. Eastham, P. T. Scardino, Radical prostatectomy for clinical stage T1 and T2 prostate cancer. In: Comprehensive Textbook of Genitourinary Oncology, 2nd edn., eds. N. J. Vogelzand, P. T. Scardino, W. U. Shipley, et al. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2000; 722-38.
- F. V. Coakley, S. Eberhardt, D. C. Wei, et al., Blood loss during radical retropubic prostatectomy: relationship to morphologic features on preoperative endorectal magnetic resonance imaging. Urology, 59 (2002), 884-8.
- F. V. Coakley, S. Eberhardt, M. W. Kattan, et al., Urinary continence after radical retropubic prostatectomy: relationship with membranous urethral length on preoperative endorectal magnetic resonance imaging. J Urol, 168 (2002), 1032-5.
- L. Wang, H. Hricak, M. W. Kattan, et al., Combined endorectal and phased-array MRI in the prediction of pelvic lymph node metastasis in prostate cancer. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 186 (2006), 743-8.
- E. Sala, S. C. Eberhardt, O. Akin, et al., Endorectal MR imaging before salvage prostatectomy: tumor localization and staging. Radiology, 238 (2006), 176-83.
- D. Pucar, A. Shukla-Dave, H. Hricak, et al., Prostate cancer: correlation of MR imaging and MR spectroscopy with pathologic findings after radiation therapy-initial experience. Radiology, 236 (2005), 545-53.
- D. Pucar, H. Hricak, A. Shukla-Dave, et al., Clinically significant prostate cancer local recurrence after radiation therapy occurs at the site of primary tumor: magnetic resonance imaging and step-section pathology evidence. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 69 (2007), 62-9.
- T. Sella, L. H. Schwartz, P. W. Swindle, et al., Suspected local recurrence after radical prostatectomy: endorectal coil MR imaging. Radiology, 231 (2004), 379-85.
- J. M. Silverman, T. L. Krebs, MR imaging evaluation with a transrectal surface coil of local recurrence of prostatic cancer in men who have undergone radical prostatectomy. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 168 (1997), 379-85.
- A. K. Leventis, S. F. Shariat, K. M. Slawin, Local recurrence after radical prostatectomy: correlation of US features with prostatic fossa biopsy findings. Radiology, 219 (2001), 432-9.
- J. Mohler, R. J. Babaian, R. R. Bahnson, et al., NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology Prostate Cancer, v 1.2007. In National Comprehensive Cancer Network, 2007.
- E. S. Amis, Jr., L. R. Bigongiari, E. I. Bluth, et al., Pretreatment staging of clinically localized prostate cancer. American College of Radiology. ACR Appropriateness Criteria. Radiology, 215 Suppl (2000), 703-8.
- M. Fuchsjager, A. Shukla-Dave, O. Akin, et al., Prostate cancer imaging. Acta Radiol, 49:1 (2008), 107-20.
- M. G. Harisinghani, J. Barentsz, P. F. Hahn, et al., Noninvasive detection of clinically occult lymphnode metastases in prostate cancer. N Engl J Med, 348:25 (2003), 2491-9. Erratum in: N Engl J Med, 349:10 (2003), 1010.
- R. A. Heesakkers, J. J. Futterer, A. M. Hovels, et al., Prostate cancer evaluated with ferumoxtran-10-enhanced T2*-weighted MR imaging at 1.5 and 3.0 T: early experience. Radiology, 239 (2006), 481-7. 53. M. L. Cher, F. J. Bianco, Jr., J. S. Lam, et al., Limited role of radionuclide bone scintigraphy in patients with prostate specific antigen elevations after radical prostatectomy. J Urol, 160 (1998), 1387-91.
- Z. A. Dotan, F. J. Bianco, Jr., F. Rabbani, et al., Pattern of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) failure dictates the probability of a positive bone scan in patients with an increasing PSA after radical prostatectomy. J Clin Oncol, 23 (2005), 1962-8.
- G. M. Freedman, W. G. Negendank, G. R. Hudes, et al., Preliminary results of a bone marrow magnetic resonance imaging protocol for patients with high-risk prostate cancer. Urology, 54 (1999), 118-23.
- D. I. Rosenthal, Radiologic diagnosis of bone metastases. Cancer, 80 (1997), 1595-607.
- N. Ghanem, M. Uhl, I. Brink, et al., Diagnostic value of MRI in comparison to scintigraphy, PET, MS-CT and PET/CT for the detection of metastases of bone. Eur J Radiol, 55:1 (2005), 41-55.
- F. E. Lecouvet, D. Geukens, A. Stainier, et al., Magnetic resonance imaging of the axial skeleton for detecting bone metastases in patients with high-risk prostate cancer: diagnostic and cost-effectiveness and comparison with current detection strategies. J Clin Oncol, 25 (2007), 3281-7.
- H. Hricak, P. L. Choyke, S. C. Eberhardt, et al., Imaging prostate cancer: a multidisciplinary perspective. Radiology, 243 (2007), 28-53.
- H. Schoder, K. Herrmann, M. Gonen, et al., 2-[18 F]fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography for the detection of disease in patients with prostate-specific antigen relapse after radical prostatectomy. Clin Cancer Res, 11 (2005), 4761-9.
- H. A. Macapinlac, J. L. Humm, T. Akhurst, et al., Differential metabolism and pharmacokinetics of l-[1-11 C]-methionine and 2-[18 F] fluoro-2- deoxyglucose (FDG) in androgen independent prostate cancer. Clin Positron Imaging, 2 (1999), 173-81.
- P. L. Jager, W. Vaalburg, J. Pruim, et al., Radiolabeled amino acids: basic aspects and clinical applications in oncology. J Nucl Med, 42 (2001), 432-45.
- R. Nunez, H. A. Macapinlac, H. W. Yeung, et al., Combined 18 F-FDG and 11 C-methionine PET scans in patients with newly progressive metastatic prostate cancer. J Nucl Med, 43 (2002), 46-55.
- N. H. Bander, Technology insight: monoclonal antibody imaging of prostate cancer. Nat Clin Pract Urol, 3 (2006), 216-25.
- J. J. Pollen, K. S. Witztum, W. L. Ashburn, The flare phenomenon on radionuclide bone scan in metastatic prostate cancer. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 142 (1984), 773-6.
- J. A. Schneider, C. R. Divgi, A. M. Scott, et al., Flare on bone scintigraphy following Taxol chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer. J Nucl Med, 35 (1994), 1748-52.
- H. Yeung, H. Schoder, S. Larson, Utility of PET/CT for assessing equivocal PET lesions in oncology-initial experience [abstract]. J Nucl Med, 43 (2007), 32p.
- F. Dehdashti, J. Picus, J. M. Michalski, et al., Positron tomographic assessment of androgen receptors in prostatic carcinoma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 32 (2005), 344-50.
- S. M. Larson, M. Morris, I. Gunther, et al., Tumor localization of 16beta-F-fluoro-5alpha-dihydrotestosterone versus F-FDG in patients with progressive, metastatic prostate cancer. J Nucl Med, 45 (2004), 366-73.
- M. Imbriaco, S. M. Larson, H. W. Yeung, et al., A new parameter for measuring metastatic bone involvement by prostate cancer: the Bone Scan Index. Clin Cancer Res, 4 (1998), 1765-72.
- P. Sabbatini, S. M. Larson, A. Kremer, et al., Prognostic significance of extent of disease in bone in patients with androgen-independent prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol, 17 (1999), 948-57.
- M. J. Morris, T. Akhurst, S. M. Larson, et al., Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography as an outcome measure for castrate metastatic prostate cancer treated with antimicrotubule chemotherapy. Clin Cancer Res, 11 (2005), 3210-16.