References

REFERENCES

1. Hamilton NJ, Boyd JD, Mossman HW. Human embryology. Cambridge, UK: Heffer, 1968:428.
   
2. Hughes ESR. Development of mammary gland.Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1950;6:99.
   
3. Dawson EK. A histological study of the normal mamma in relation to tumour growth. I. Early development to maturity.Edinb Med J 1934;41:653.
   
4. Dabelow A. Milchdruse. In: Bargman W, ed. Handbuch der Mikroskopishen Anatomie des Menschen, vol 3, part 3. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1957.
   
5. Sutherland RL, Thrall OWJ, Watts CKW, Musgrave E. Estrogen and progestin regulation of cell cycle progression.J Mamm Gland Biol Neoplasia 1998;3:63.
   
6. Medina D. The mammary gland: a unique organ for the study of development and tumorigenesis. J Mamm Gland Biol Neoplasia 1996;1:5.
   
7. Snedeker SM, Brown CF, DiAugustine RP. Expression and functional properties of transforming growth factor alpha and epidermal growth factor during mouse mammary gland ductal morphogenesis.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1991;88:2760.
   
8. Liscia DS, Merlo G, Ciardiello F, et al. Transforming growth factor-alpha messenger RNA localization in the developing adult rat and human mammary gland by in situ hybridization.Dev Biol 1990;140:123.
   
9. Jackson D, Bresnick J, Dickson C. A role for fibroblast growth factor signaling in the lobulo-alveolar development of the mammary gland.J Mamm Gland Biol Neoplasia 1997;2:385.
   
10. Daniel CW, Robinson S, Silberstein GB. The role of TGF-beta in patterning and growth of the mammary ductal tree.J Mamm Gland Biol Neoplasia 1996;1:331.
    
11. Nusse R, Varmus HE. Wnt genes.Cell 1992;69:1073.
    
12. Coleman S, Silberstein GB, Daniel CW. Ductal morphogenesis in the mouse mammary gland: evidence supporting a role for epidermal growth factor.Dev Biol 1988;127:304.
    
13. Vonderhaar BK. Local effects of EGF, alpha-TGF, and EGF-like growth factors on lobuloalveolar development of the mouse mammary gland in vivo.J Cell Physiol 1987;132:581.
    
14. Matsui Y, Halter SA, Holt JT, Hogan BL, Cofey RJ. Development of mammary hyperplasia and neoplasia in MMTV-TGF alpha transgenic mice.Cell 1990;61:1147.
    
15. Pierce DF Jr, Johnson MD, Matsui Y, et al. Inhibition of mammary duct development but not alveolar outgrowth during pregnancy in transgenic mice expressing active TGF-beta 1.Genes Dev 1993;7:2308.
    
16. Smith GM. TGF-b and functional differentiation.J Mamm Gland Biol Neoplasia 1998;1:343.
    
17. Strange R, Feng L, Saurer S, et al. Apoptotic cell death and tissue remodelling during mouse mammary gland involution.Development 1992;115:49.
    
18. Gavin BJ, McMahon AP. Differential regulation of the Wnt gene family during pregnancy and lactation suggests a role in postnatal development of the mammary gland.Mol Cell Biol 1992;12:2418.
    
19. Buhler TA, Dale TC, Kieback C, et al. Localization and quantification of Wnt-2 gene expression in mouse mammary development.Dev Biol 1993;155:87.
    
20. Blasband A, Schryver B, Papkoff J. The biochemical properties and transforming potential of human Wnt-2 are similar to Wnt-1.Oncogene 1992;7:153.
    
21. Pitelka DR. The mammary gland. In: Weiss L, ed. Cell and tissue biology. Baltimore: Urban & Schwarzenberg, 1988:877.
    
22. Maliniac JW. Breast deformities and their origin. New York: Grune & Stratton, 1950:163.
    
23. Simon BE, Hoffman S, Kahn S. Treatment of asymmetry of the breasts.Clin Plast Surg 1975;2:375.
    
24. Trier WC. Complete breast absence.Plast Reconstr Surg 1965;36:430.
    
25. Pers M. Aplasias of the anterior thoracic wall, the pectoral muscle, and the breast.Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg 1968;2:125.
    
26. Beals RK, Crawford S. Congenital absence of the pectoral muscles.Clin Orthop 1976;119:166.
    
27. McDowell F. On the propagation, perpetuation and parroting of erroneous eponyms such as "Poland's syndrome."Plast Reconstr Surg 1977;59:561.
    
28. Ravitch MM. Poland's syndrome: a study of an eponym.Plast Reconstr Surg 1977;59:508.
    
29. Vorherr H. The breast: morphology, physiology and lactation. New York: Academic Press, 1974.
    
30. Tanner JM. Wachstun und Reifung des Menschen. Stuttgart, Germany: Georg Thieme Verlag, 1962.
    
31. Parks AG. The micro-anatomy of the breast.Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1959;25:235.
    
32. Spratt JS, Shieber W, Dillard B. Anatomy and surgical technique of groin dissection. St. Louis: CV Mosby, 1965.
    
33. Bonsor GM, Dossett JA, Jull JW. Human and experimental breast cancer. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas, 1961.
    
34. Turner-Warwick RT. The lymphatics of the breast.Br J Surg 1959; 46:574.
    
35. Hultborn KA, Larsen LG, Raghnult I. The lymph drainage from the breast to the axillary and parasternal lymph nodes: studied with the aid of colloidal Au198.Acta Radiol 1955;43:52.
    
36. Pickren JW. Lymph node metastases in carcinoma of the female mammary gland.Bull Roswell Park Mem Inst 1956;1:79.
    
37. Berg JW. The significance of axillary node levels in the study of breast carcinoma.Cancer 1955;8:776.
    
38. Stibbe EP. The internal mammary lymphatic glands.J Anat 1918;52:257.
    
39. Handley RS, Thackray AC. Invasion of internal mammary lymph nodes in carcinoma of the breast.BMJ 1954;1:161.
    
40. Urban JA, Marjani MA. Significance of internal mammary lymph node metastases in breast cancer.Am J Roentgenol 1971;111:130.
    
41. Rouviere H. Anatomie des lymphatiques de l'homme. Paris: Masson, 1932.
    
42. Ege GN. Internal mammary lymphoscintigraphy.Radiology 1975; 118:101.
    
43. Thomas JM, Redding WH, Sloane JP. The spread of breast cancer: importance of the intrathoracic lymphatic route and its relevance to treatment.Br J Cancer 1979;40:540.
    
44. Osborne MP, Jeyasingh K, Jewkes RF, et al. The preoperative detection of internal mammary lymph node metastases in breast cancer.Br J Surg 1979;66:813.
    
45. Moosman DA. Anatomy of the pectoral nerves and their preservation in modified mastectomy.Am J Surg 1980;139:883.
    
46. Boontje AH. Axillary vein entrapment.Br J Surg 1979;66:331.
    
47. Russo J, Russo IH. Development of human mammary gland. In: Neville MC, Daniel CW, eds. The mammary gland. New York: Plenum, 1987:67.
    
48. Vogel PM, Georgiade NG, Fetter BF, et al. The correlation of histologic changes in the human breast with the menstrual cycle.Am J Pathol 1981;104:23.
    
49. Wittliff JL, Lewko WM, Park DC, et al. Hormones, receptors and breast cancer. In: McGuire WL, ed. Steroid binding proteins of mammary tissues and their clinical significance in breast cancer, vol 10. New York: Raven, 1978:327.
    
50. Zeppa R. Vascular response of the breast to estrogen.J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1969;29:695.
    
51. Masters JRW, Drije JO, Scanisbrook JJ. Cyclic variation of DNA synthesis in human breast epithelium.J Natl Cancer Inst 1977;58: 1263.
    
52. Meyer JS. Cell proliferation in normal breast ducts, fibroadenomas and other ductal hyperplasias measured by nuclear labeling with tritiated thymidine.Hum Pathol 1977;8:67.
    
53. Ferguson DJP, Anderson TJ. Morphologic evaluation of cell hormone in relation to the menstrual cycle in the "resting" human breast.Br J Cancer 1981;44:177.
    
54. Longacre TA, Bartow SA. A correlative morphologic study of human breast and endometrium in the menstrual cycle.Am J Surg Pathol 1986;10:382.
    
55. Potter CS, Watson RJ, Williams GT, et al. The effect of age and menstrual cycle upon proliferative activity of the normal human breast.Br J Cancer 1988;58:163.
    
56. Going JJ, Anderson TJ, Battersby S, et al. Proliferative and secretory activity in human breast during natural and artificial menstrual cycles.Am J Path 1988;130:193.
    
57. Soderqvist G, Isaksson E, Schowltz BV, et al. Proliferation of breast epithelial cells in healthy women during the menstrual cycle.Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997;176:123.
    
58. Laidlaw IJ, Clarke RB, Howell A, et al. The proliferation of normal human breast tissue implanted into athymic nude mice is stimulated by estrogen but not progesterone.Endocrinology 1995;136:164.