Rare Diabetes Foot Complication Becoming More Common

At first, Kim Schraeder didn’t worry about the swelling in her left foot.

After all, it was pulling double-duty while her other foot recovered from surgery.

“I have a high threshold for pain,” she says. “It hurt to walk on it, but I didn’t think it was serious.”

Just a year earlier, doctors diagnosed the 48-year-old mother of four with diabetes. The recent surgery on her right foot corrected a bunion to prevent reoccurring diabetic ulcers. As Schraeder’s bunion

recovery moved forward, her left foot moved outwards. Her ankle bent inwards. The foot grew so swollen none of her shoes fit. The skin was warm and red. Schraeder started to worry.

During a follow-up visit with her foot and ankle surgeon, she spoke up. Her doctor took one look and said, “We have a problem.”

Schraeder was diagnosed with a rare diabetic complication called Charcot foot. It is estimated to affect less than one percent of people with diabetes. Now doctors with the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons (ACFAS) say Charcot foot’s prevalence appears to be growing as more Americans get diabetes.

Some worry that few patients – or their diabetes care providers – seem to know about this complication or its warning signs.

Charcot foot is a sudden softening of the foot’s bones caused by severe neuropathy, or nerve damage, a common diabetic foot complication. It can trigger an avalanche of problems, including joint loss, fractures, collapse of the arch, massive deformity, ulcers, amputation, and even death. As the disorder progresses, the bottom of the foot can become convex, bulging like the hull of a ship. Since most people with Charcot cannot feel pain in their lower extremities, they continue walking on the foot, causing further injury.

Charcot cannot be reversed, but its destructive effects can be stopped if the complication is detected early.

The symptoms of Charcot foot appear suddenly. They include warm and red skin, swelling and pain. A person with diabetes who has a red, hot, swollen foot or ankle requires emergency medical care because these can also be symptoms of deep vein thrombosis or an infection.

Doctors say Charcot’s ambiguous symptoms can lead to misdiagnosis. Since patients don’t feel pain, doctors may presume the swelling is due to infection and prescribe antibiotics. Meanwhile the patient continues walking on a foot that is collapsing.

“More people with diabetes, their families and their care providers need to know about Charcot foot,” says J. T. Marcoux. DPM, FACFAS, one of only a handful of Massachusetts foot and ankle surgeons who performs Charcot foot reconstructions. “When I diagnose a patient with this complication, I telephone their primary care doctor and educate them about it as well.”

Schraeder says no one told her about Charcot. “It was not even in my vocabulary,” she says. “If someone had educated me, I think I would have been more aware that I had a major problem.”