X-linked recessive
Key points
- Sex-linked diseases are inherited through one of the "sex chromosomes" - the X or Y chromosomes.
- Males have only one X chromosome, so a single recessive gene on that X chromosome will cause the disease.
- Autosomally inherited diseases are inherited through the non-sex chromosomes (autosomes), pairs 1 through 22.
- Dominant inheritance occurs when an abnormal gene from ONE parent is capable of causing disease even though the matching gene from the other parent is normal.
Alternative names
Inheritance - sex-linked recessive; Genetics - sex-linked recessive; Sex-linked recessive
Definition
Sex-linked diseases are inherited through one of the "sex chromosomes" - the X or Y chromosomes. Autosomally inherited diseases are inherited through the non-sex chromosomes (autosomes), pairs 1 through 22.
Dominant inheritance occurs when an abnormal gene from ONE parent is capable of causing disease even though the matching gene from the other parent is normal. The abnormal gene dominates the outcome of the gene pair.
Recessive inheritance occurs when BOTH matching genes must be abnormal to produce disease. If only one gene in the pair is abnormal, the disease is not manifest or is only mildly manifest. However, the genetic predisposition to disease can be passed on to the children.
In general, the term "sex-linked recessive" is usually referring to the more specific case of X-linked recessive.
Related terms and topics:
- Gene
- Chromosome
- Inheritance
- Heredity and disease
- Genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis
- Sex-linked dominant
- Autosomal dominant
- Autosomal recessive
Information
X-linked diseases usually occur in males. Males have only one X chromosome, so a single recessive gene on that X chromosome will cause the disease. Although the Y chromosome is the other half of the XY gene pair in the male, the Y chromosome doesn't contain most of the genes of the X chromosome and therefore doesn't protect the male. This is seen in diseases such as hemophilia and Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
TYPICAL SCENARIOS
For a given birth, if the mother is a carrier (only one abnormal X) and the father is normal:
- 25% chance of a normal boy
- 25% chance of a boy with disease
- 25% chance of a normal girl
- 25% chance of a carrier girl without disease
If the father is has the disease and the mother is normal:
- 50% chance of a normal boy
- 50% chance of a carrier girl without disease
X-LINKED RECESSIVE DISORDERS IN FEMALES
Written and revised by
Andrey Nailor, M.D.
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