Squamous cell cancer - penis
Key points
- A malignant (aggressively growing with a tendency to spread) cancer that affects the penis.
- The exact cause of penile cancer is not known, but the presence of smegma (cheese-like, odorous secretions found under the foreskin of the penis) may increase the risk.
- Signs and tests Examination shows a non-tender lesion (typically near the end of the penis) which may resemble a pimple or wart.
- Treatment for penile cancer varies depending on the location and degree of involvement of the tumor.
Alternative names
Penile cancer; Cancer - penis
Definition
A malignant (aggressively growing with a tendency to spread) cancer that affects the penis.
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
The exact cause of penile cancer is not known, but the presence of smegma (cheese-like, odorous secretions found under the foreskin of the penis) may increase the risk. Uncircumcised men who do not keep the area under the foreskin clean, and men with a history of genital herpes are at higher risk for this rare disorder.
Symptoms
- Genital lesions on the penis
- Painless sore on penis (occasionally, the lesion may cause pain)
- Penis pain and bleeding from the penis (may occur with advanced disease)
Signs and tests
Examination shows a non-tender lesion (typically near the end of the penis) which may resemble a pimple or wart.
Excision (surgical removal) of the tumor and a biopsy are necessary for diagnosis.
Treatment
Treatment for penile cancer varies depending on the location and degree of involvement of the tumor.
CHEMOTHERAPY
Chemotherapy may be used in addition to surgical excision (cutting out and removing) of the penile tumor. Bleomycin is usually the chemotherapy drug of choice for treating penile cancer.
The patient is usually hospitalized for the first few doses of chemotherapy to monitor for possible side effects. After the initial dose, most people receive chemotherapy on an outpatient basis at a clinic or physician's office. Possible side effects are numerous and depend on the specific chemotherapy medicine used.
SURGERY
If the tumor is limited to a small lesion (affected area of tissue damage) near the tip of the penis, a partial penectomy (removal of a portion of the penis) may be performed using general anesthesia. The cancerous portion of the penis is removed. The patient is usually able to urinate normally after this procedure.
A total penectomy with creation of a urethrostomy (new urethral opening created in the groin area) is often necessary when the tumor is more advanced. This procedure is performed using general anesthesia.
LIFESTYLE CHANGES
It is recommended that you discuss your fears and concerns regarding sexual function and body image prior to surgery. Urination and sexual function can often be maintained, even when a significant portion of the penis is removed. Additionally, the stress associated with diagnosis and treatment of penile cancer can often be helped by joining a support group where members share common experiences and problems. See support group - cancer.
Written and revised by
David Cohen, M.D.
Our doctors write and review articles for accuracy and keep them up to date.
health.am provides general information, not medical advice. Always consult a qualified health professional about your own health.