Sneezing

Alternative names

Sternutation

Definition

A sneeze is a sudden, forceful, involuntary burst of air through the nose and mouth.

Considerations

Sneezing, caused by irritation to the mucous membranes of the nose or throat, can be very bothersome but is generally not a sign of a serious problem.

Common Causes

• allergy to pollen, mold, dander, dust (allergy or hay fever)
  
• virus infections (common cold, upper respiratory tract infections)
  
• opiate withdrawal
  
• corticosteroid inhalation
  

Home Care

Avoiding exposure to the offending allergen is the most effective means of controlling sneezing caused by allergic diseases. Some suggestions to minimize exposure include: removing pets from the home to avoid animal dander, changing furnace filters, using air filtration devices to minimize the concentration of airborne pollens, or traveling to areas with low pollen counts during the critical periods. Even changing residence to eliminate a mold spore problem may be necessary.

For sneezing not caused by an allergy, the problem will disappear when the underlying disorder is cured or treated.

Call your health care provider if

• excessive and prolonged sneezing adversely affects lifestyle and home remedies are ineffective.
  

What to expect at your health care provider's office
Your medical provider will obtain a medical history and do a physical examination.

Medical history questions documenting sneezing in detail may include:

• time pattern
  o During what time of year is sneezing the worst?
  o When did the sneezing begin?
  o How long do sneezing episodes last?
  
• aggravating factors
  o Do you have a history of allergies?
  o Have you been outdoors more than usual?
  
• relieving factors
  o What have you done to try to relieve the sneezing?
  o How well has it worked?
  
• other
  o What other symptoms are also present?
  

The physical examination will include an examination of the upper respiratory tract. Diagnostic tests may include allergy testing.