Reye's syndrome

Definition

Reye's syndrome involves brain damage (encephalopathy) and liver damage of an unknown cause. It is associated with the use of aspirin to treat chickenpox or Influenza in children.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Reye's syndrome is most often seen in children from 4 to 12 years old, with a peak incidence at age 6. It is often associated with children who are given aspirin-containing medicines while they have either chickenpox (Varicella) or the flu (Influenza).

The illness has a rapid onset and symptoms may vary greatly. Changes in mental status occur including delirium, combative behavior, and coma.

Typically, Reye's syndrome follows an upper respiratory infection (URI) or chickenpox by about a week. It frequently begins with Vomiting, which is persistent over many hours.

The Vomiting is rapidly followed by irritable and combative behavior. As the condition progresses, the child may become semi-conscious or stuporous. Ultimately, seizures and coma develop, which can quickly lead to death.

Symptoms

• A history of preceding URI or chickenpox (about 1 week previously)
  
• nausea and Vomiting (possible)
  
• Mental status changes
  
• Lethargy
  
• Confusion
  
• Combative behavior
  
• Loss of consciousness or coma may develop
  
• Seizures
  
• Unusual posturing (decerebrate posture - the arms are extended straight and turned toward the body, the legs are held straight and the toes are pointed downward)
  

Other symptoms that may be associated with this disorder:

• Weakness in arms or legs
  
• Muscle function loss or paralysis of the arms or legs
  
• Double vision
  
• Speech difficulties
  
• Hearing loss
  

Signs and tests