Renal biopsy
Key points
- A renal biopsy is a way to obtain a sample of kidney tissue.
- Biopsies are also performed with CT scan guidance.
- Inform the doctor of any drug allergies you may have, which medications you are taking, if you have bleeding problems, and if you are pregnant.
- The preparation you can provide for this test depends on your child's age, previous experiences, and level of trust.
Alternative names
Kidney biopsy; Biopsy - kidney
Definition
A renal biopsy is a way to obtain a sample of kidney tissue. The sample is then examined in the laboratory.
How the test is performed
There are many ways of performing the biopsy. The most common is under ultrasound guidance. Biopsies are also performed with CT scan guidance. Under some circumstances, the biopsy may be performed by running the biopsy catheter through one of the neck veins - this is called a trans-jugular biopsy.
When performing the biopsy under ultrasound guidance, the test is done in the hospital, usually in the radiology suite. Your physician will go over the procedure, benefits, and risks in great detail.
The patient is expected to to lay face down for at least 20-30 minutes. A towel may be placed under the upper abdomen to achieve an appropriate position. The kidney is located using the ultrasound, and then the health care provider will mark the biopsy site. A local anesthetic will be given to numb the skin at the biopsy site. A tiny incision is then made in the skin.
A biopsy needle will be inserted into the skin. Based on a previously determined kidney position or under direct ultrasound visualization, the needle is advanced to the surface of the kidney. The patient is then asked to take and hold a deep breath, the needle introduced into the kidney, and fired. If the physician is not using direct ultrasound guidance, he may ask the patient to take deep breaths to verify needle "embedment" before firing.
The biopsy needle is then withdrawn and pressure is applied to the biopsy site to stop the bleeding. Several passes may be required before an adequate amount of tissue is collected. After the procedure, a bandage is applied to the biopsy site.
The patient is requested to remain in bed for 6-8 hours after the procedure. Pain medicines are prescribed. Oral or IV fluids are administered and urine monitored for excessive hemorrhage. (A little bleeding usually occurs). Blood counts and vital signs are monitored. The patient is observed in the hospital for a day.
How to prepare for the test
Inform the doctor of any drug allergies you may have, which medications you are taking, if you have bleeding problems, and if you are pregnant. You must sign a consent form. You may be restricted from food or fluid before the test.
For infants and children:
The preparation you can provide for this test depends on your child's age, previous experiences, and level of trust. For general information on how to prepare your child, see the following:
Written and revised by
Andrey Nailor, M.D.
Our doctors write and review articles for accuracy and keep them up to date.
health.am provides general information, not medical advice. Always consult a qualified health professional about your own health.