Pleural fluid analysis
Key points
- Pleural fluid analysis examines fluid that has accumulated in the pleural space.
- A sample of pleural fluid is obtained by a procedure called thoracentesis.
- Do not cough, breathe deeply, or move during the test to avoid injury to the lung.
- The preparation you can provide for this test depends on your child's age, previous experiences, and level of trust.
Definition
Pleural fluid analysis examines fluid that has accumulated in the pleural space. The pleura is a thin membrane that lines the outside of the lung and the chest cavity. An accumulation of fluid between the layers of the pleura is called a pleural effusion.
How the test is performed
A sample of pleural fluid is obtained by a procedure called thoracentesis. The specimen is examined for chemical content, cellular composition, the presence of malignant cells, and the presence of microorganisms.
How to prepare for the test
There is no special preparation. Do not cough, breathe deeply, or move during the test to avoid injury to the lung. A Chest x-ray may be performed before or after the test. Your doctor will probably want to observe you for 30-60 minutes after the procedure to see if a complication occurs.
Infants and children:
The preparation you can provide for this test depends on your child's age, previous experiences, and level of trust. For general information regarding how you can prepare your child, see the following topics:
- Infant test or procedure preparation (birth to 1 year)
- Toddler test or procedure preparation (1 to 3 years)
- Preschooler test or procedure preparation (3 to 6 years)
- School age test or procedure preparation (6 to 12 years)
- Adolescent test or procedure preparation (12 to 18 years)
How the test will feel
You will be positioned sitting on the edge of a chair or bed with your head and arms resting on a table. The skin around the insertion site is disinfected, and the area is draped. A local anesthetic is injected into the skin.
The thoracentesis needle is inserted above the rib into the pocket of fluid. There will be a stinging sensation when the local anesthetic is injected, and a sensation of pressure when the needle is inserted into the pleural space. Inform your health care provider if you develop sharp Chest pain or Shortness of breath.
Written and revised by
Andrey Nailor, M.D.
Our doctors write and review articles for accuracy and keep them up to date.
health.am provides general information, not medical advice. Always consult a qualified health professional about your own health.