Pink eye

Alternative names

Inflammation - conjunctiva; Conjunctivitis

Definition

Conjunctivitis is inflammation or infection of the membrane lining the eyelids (conjunctiva).

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

The conjunctiva is exposed to bacteria and other irritants. Tears help protect the conjunctiva by diluting bacteria and washing it away. Tears also contain enzymes and antibodies which kill bacteria.

There are many causes of conjunctivitis. Viruses are the most common cause. Other causes include bacteria, Chlamydia, fungus, and rarely, parasitic agents.

"Pink eye" refers to a viral infection of the conjunctiva. These infections are especially contagious among children. Handwashing is key to preventing the spread of the virus, which is similar to the type which cause the common cold.

Bacteria are an uncommon cause of conjunctivitis. Many physicians give a mild antibiotic eyedrop for pink eye to prevent bacterial conjunctivitis. Conjunctivitis is also caused by allergies (allergic conjunctivitis), chemical exposure, and certain systemic diseases.

Newborns can be infected by bacteria in the birth canal. This condition is called ophthalmia neonatorum, and it must be treated immediately to preserve sight. Use of contact lenses, particularly extended-wear lenses, can cause conjunctivitis.

See also:

• Keratoconjunctivitis sicca
  
• Viral conjunctivitis
  
• Allergic conjunctivitis
  
• Vernal conjunctivitis
  
• Trachoma
  
• Neonatal conjunctivitis
  

Symptoms

• Increased tearing
  
• Eye pain
  
• Redness in the eyes
  
• Gritty feeling in the eyes
  
• Itching of the eye
  
• Blurred vision
  
• Sensitivity to light
  
• Crusts that form on the eyelid overnight
  

Signs and tests

• Examination of eyes
  
• Swab of conjunctiva for analysis
  

Treatment
Treatment of conjunctivitis depends upon the cause.